Raymond

Don't see absolute confirmation he was physically at Jackson after the skirmish at Burtonton.
Yes. Certainly not absolute confirmation. We cannot categorically say Adams was in Jackson to receive the 05.10 dispatch from Pemberton. But neither can we say he was someplace else. And I'm really not staking out the absolute position that Adams was in Jackson. I'm just curious about Pemberton addressing dispatches for Adams to Jackson. I also say I think its plausible that Adams did go to Jackson for refit/remount so in the absence of any evidence that places him someplace else it seems like a logical conclusion to make.
 
Yes. Certainly not absolute confirmation. We cannot categorically say Adams was in Jackson to receive the 05.10 dispatch from Pemberton. But neither can we say he was someplace else. And I'm really not staking out the absolute position that Adams was in Jackson. I'm just curious about Pemberton addressing dispatches for Adams to Jackson. I also say I think its plausible that Adams did go to Jackson for refit/remount so in the absence of any evidence that places him someplace else it seems like a logical conclusion to make.

It would appear perhaps from Wilson's journal, etc., that Wirt's command or a part, apparently remained in the field, opposite their enemy about Burtonton, etc. as a line of pickets... opposite Bovina and Edwards.

Picketting was standard for the Confederate cavalry. The men widely posted as pickets, with scouts sometimes ranging out and about of the picket line.


Luther Hopkins observed...

1755140379850.png


Harry Gilmore...

1755139858917.png



On the picket lines the men just bivouacked in place until moved.

The distances between cavalry pickets could be as close as 1,000 yards, or even a mile or more depending upon circumstances. From Caughey's history of the 6th US Cavalry...

1755141343180.png
 
Double post.
1755176551253.png


Seems like he's missing a road on this map. McPherson reported that his corps was camped at Newlands Mills on the "lower Utica road." I'm assuming he was trying to parallel White Oak Creek with pickets at the bridges to prevent cavalry from detecting the presence of XVII corps this far south from the main body.
 
Looking at the company muster cards for the two companies of the 2nd Mississippi Cavalry that were active in the area. Co. A states they had a skirmish on Five Mile Creek on 14 May, and fought at Champion's Hill. Co. E mentions a skirmish on Fourteen Mile Creek on 13 & 14 May but did not mention fighting at Champion Hill.
 
Well I must say, I think this has been a fantastic thread and I learned a lot from everyone contributing.

FWIW, I'm of the opinion that Adams was in Jackson when he received the first 5/10 order from Pemberton. I know we haven't placed him there conclusively but I think the evidence is strong, and in the absence of information that he was anyplace else there is no reason to not accept the notion that Pemberton directed an order to Adams to Jackson because Adams was in Jackson.

To tie both questions together, I'm also of the opinion Gregg deviated from his orders and got underway in two hours in order to move in conjunction with Adams. I believe Adams got underway before Gregg but Gregg did not want to create too much of an interval between he and Adams. I think Adams received the second order while in the process of moving, directing him individually to report to Edward's Depot while his command was expected to continue moving on to or remain in place at Raymond. Due to a dual command system Pemberton allowed to occur, he had ordered the cavalry to report to Bowen while retaining for himself operational control (OPCON). Bowen, understanding himself to have operational control (OPCON) and tactical control (TACON) sent an order to Adams to bring the cavalry to Edward's Depot and that order was received prior to Pemberton's second 05/10 order. I think the two orders listed in the OR are transposed.

Orders to Gregg and Adams:

To Gregg,

Screen Shot 2025-08-14 at 2.29.11 PM.png

and to Adams,

Screen Shot 2025-08-14 at 2.36.12 PM.png


Then Adams, while enroute and before Gregg arrived, received the order to go to Edward's Depot


Screen Shot 2025-08-14 at 2.28.25 PM.png


But Adams, superseding Richardson, any orders Richardson received would be in force for Adams. Richardson had been ordered to report to Bowen, therefore when Adams superseded Richardson those orders would flow through. So Adams was obligated to obey an order from Bowen, who ultimately ordered Adams men to Edward's in contrary to what Pemberton wanted.
 
Last edited:
Well I must say, I think this has been a fantastic thread and I learned a lot from everyone contributing.

FWIW, I'm of the opinion that Adams was in Jackson when he received the first 5/10 order from Pemberton. I know we haven't placed him there conclusively but I think the evidence is strong, and in the absence of information that he was anyplace else there is no reason to not accept the notion that Pemberton directed an order to Adams to Jackson because Adams was in Jackson.

To tie both questions together, I'm also of the opinion Gregg deviated from his orders and got underway in two hours in order to move in conjunction with Adams. I believe Adams got underway before Gregg but Gregg did not want to create too much of an interval between he and Adams. I think Adams received the second order while in the process of moving, directing him individually to report to Edward's Depot while his command was expected to continue moving on to or remain in place at Raymond. Due to a dual command system Pemberton allowed to occur, he had ordered the cavalry to report to Bowen while retaining for himself operational control (OPCON). Bowen, understanding himself to have operational control (OPCON) and tactical control (TACON) sent an order to Bowen to bring the cavalry to Edward's Depot and that order was received prior to Pemberton's second 05/10 order. I think the two orders listed in the OR are transposed.

Orders to Gregg and Adams:

To Gregg,

View attachment 557635
and to Adams,

View attachment 557640

Then Adams, while enroute and before Gregg arrived, received the order to go to Edward's Depot


View attachment 557642

But Adams, superseding Richardson, any orders Richardson received would be in force for Adams. Richardson had been ordered to report to Bowen, therefore when Adams superseded Richardson those orders would flow through. So Adams was obligated to obey an order from Bowen, who ultimately ordered Adams men to Edward's in contrary to what Pemberton wanted.

IIRC, Adams detached Cos K & M of his regiment (Yerger's Squadron) to Raymond while he moved the rest to Edwards Depot. They may have already been there when Gregg got his orders.
 
IIRC, Adams detached Cos K & M of his regiment (Yerger's Squadron) to Raymond while he moved the rest to Edwards Depot. They may have already been there when Gregg got his orders.
I think that was after, on the 11th. The original question is do you think Adams was in Jackson on a refit when he received Pembertons order, addressed to Jackson, on 05.10?
 
The company muster cards for Co. G 14th Mississippi Infantry note that on April 24th (at Jackson) four Sergeants, four corporals, and fifteen privates were mounted to chase after Grierson. On May 4th, they were ambushed by "a company of citizens" losing a sergeant, corporal, and a private wounded. On May 5th they had a skirmish with the enemy near Raymond, losing a sergeant and two privates captured. The men were dismounted on May 12th at Jackson and returned to their company.
 
The company muster cards for Co. G 14th Mississippi Infantry note that on April 24th (at Jackson) four Sergeants, four corporals, and fifteen privates were mounted to chase after Grierson. On May 4th, they were ambushed by "a company of citizens" losing a sergeant, corporal, and a private wounded. On May 5th they had a skirmish with the enemy near Raymond, losing a sergeant and two privates captured. The men were dismounted on May 12th at Jackson and returned to their company.
I wonder if that's because they transferred the horses to WHT Walker or the 3rd Kentucky?
 
Well I must say, I think this has been a fantastic thread and I learned a lot from everyone contributing.

FWIW, I'm of the opinion that Adams was in Jackson when he received the first 5/10 order from Pemberton. I know we haven't placed him there conclusively but I think the evidence is strong, and in the absence of information that he was anyplace else there is no reason to not accept the notion that Pemberton directed an order to Adams to Jackson because Adams was in Jackson.

To tie both questions together, I'm also of the opinion Gregg deviated from his orders and got underway in two hours in order to move in conjunction with Adams. I believe Adams got underway before Gregg but Gregg did not want to create too much of an interval between he and Adams. I think Adams received the second order while in the process of moving, directing him individually to report to Edward's Depot while his command was expected to continue moving on to or remain in place at Raymond. Due to a dual command system Pemberton allowed to occur, he had ordered the cavalry to report to Bowen while retaining for himself operational control (OPCON). Bowen, understanding himself to have operational control (OPCON) and tactical control (TACON) sent an order to Adams to bring the cavalry to Edward's Depot and that order was received prior to Pemberton's second 05/10 order. I think the two orders listed in the OR are transposed.

Orders to Gregg and Adams:

To Gregg,

View attachment 557635
and to Adams,

View attachment 557640

Then Adams, while enroute and before Gregg arrived, received the order to go to Edward's Depot


View attachment 557642

But Adams, superseding Richardson, any orders Richardson received would be in force for Adams. Richardson had been ordered to report to Bowen, therefore when Adams superseded Richardson those orders would flow through. So Adams was obligated to obey an order from Bowen, who ultimately ordered Adams men to Edward's in contrary to what Pemberton wanted.

I think that's a pretty reasonable theory. As good as any other I've heard. Great job.

As to the other aspect of your theory, I have a question. In post #10, you speculated that Gregg did not take three days rations as ordered, nor did he take any of his wagons.

You ruled out Walker bringing up his wagons and rations. In addition, you ruled out a potential depot in Raymond.

Gregg left Jackson at around 5:00 am on May 11 and did not return to Jackson until late on the night of May 13, meaning that some 70 hours had elapsed, during which time his men had marched, camped, fought a battle, retreated, camped, and then fell back into Jackson.

How do you think his men were supplied during this time?
 
nor did he take any of his wagons
That implies he had wagons to take and did not. I don't think he had wagons. Tony had pointed out that on 05/06 Pemberton did order Gregg to bring his wagons, but the day before Gardner telegraphed that he could not move until the wagons returned. As I said, while it isn't conclusive that the wagons Gardner was awaiting the return of were those wagons, it does seem more likely than not that the wagons used to transport Gregg went back to PH. My issue here is if Pemberton wanted Gregg to move with wagons he should have stated that in his original movement order to Gardner, but he did not.
Screen Shot 2025-08-17 at 9.33.04 AM.png


A dispatch written 5 days later, well after the movement had commenced, carrying that order is well beyond what a commander ought to think is a reasonable request. I think a personality flaw existed in Pemberton in that when he issued an order he expected it to be executed, no matter how much clarity, completeness, and timeliness the order lacked. I don't think Pemberton ever understood that Gregg was without wagons. He never asked and no one ever said that Gregg had no wagons. Pemberton just assumed it because he ordered it.

Walker bringing up his wagons and rations.
Again, implying Walker had his own wagons. I don't believe Walker came with his own wagons. If you look back to how the order to Beauregard for reinforcements was carried out , you will see that both brigades were infantry supports for seacoast defense and had not even been brigaded together until the 05.01 order. That movement is a great story all by itself! I can't say for sure, but it seems probable that there were no brigade wagons.

How do you think his men were supplied during this time?
Why Alan, the spirits of the ladies of the UDC are frowning down upon you now. You know the dear ladies of Raymond spread out a delicious feast for the men upon their return from victory in the field, you know how well that worked out. :bounce::bounce:

Otherwise, I could only surmise they foraged best they could while on the march and again once they made camp in Raymond. I know Davidson refers to going foraging and being given some onions (I think).

I think the follow-up question would be, "Why were they unable to get rations and wagons in Jackson?"

So here's where I get a little wonky and a lot subjective in my reply, what's that saying, "the devil is in the details"?

1. While at Port Hudson any wagons Gregg could have accessed belonged on the books of the 3rd District, so wagons would not have been carried on his Master Essential Equipment (MEE) list. IIRC, Gregg was moved to PH via the Mississippi and since PH was a post with it's own staff departments maybe Gregg's wagons (if he had any) stayed behind. I think they had been on duty on the Yazoo when ordered to PH, but no matter.

2. As soon as Gregg boarded the trains in Osyka, Gardner's command authority ended and administrative (ADCON) and operational (OPCON) control passed from Gardner to Pemberton. So Gardner's QM detailed for the movement took control of his wagons and headed back to PH.

3. Since Gregg's brigade wasn't a part of a division Gregg would have been a direct report unit (DRU) to the DMEL commander. So the ADCON logistical support of Gregg's brigade becomes the responsibility of the DMEL staff, QM, Ordnance, and Commissary.

4. Unfortunately for Gregg, all the staff Chiefs were busily executing Pemberton's 05.07 order to evacuate Jackson. So if I were to hazard a guess, I'd say there were only so many wagons at Jackson belonging to DMEL and the QM (Mimms) had a written order to move. Perhaps Gregg went to Mimms, showed him his orders, confident he could get the wagons, but Mimms showed Gregg his orders and refused Gregg any wagons. This scenario could have played out just as well with Theo Johnston, the Commissary Chief.

Screen Shot 2025-08-17 at 7.34.19 AM.png


Considering Pemberton's obsession over logistics, if anyone were going to deviate from an order, it wasn't going to be Majors Lafayette Mimms or Theo Johnston whose heads rolled!
 
logistical support of Gregg's brigade becomes the responsibility of the DMEL staff, QM, Ordnance, and Commissary.
Just a little more context is found in a message from Pemberton found in the NA, which I found at:


Dave runs a fine site that he updates regularly. A lot of good information he's developed over decades.


Screen Shot 2025-08-17 at 12.16.13 PM.png



This indicates to me that Pemberton persisted in the assumption that Gregg had wagons. I do think it's an important distinction that I believe Pemberton was only interested in Gregg having wagons as a mechanism for hurrying his arrival to Jackson. I don't think Pemberton was thinking Gregg needed wagons for sustained operations in the field, since Pemberton had not a plan beyond gathering reinforcements in Jackson.
 
Just a little more context is found in a message from Pemberton found in the NA, which I found at:


Dave runs a fine site that he updates regularly. A lot of good information he's developed over decades.


View attachment 557850


This indicates to me that Pemberton persisted in the assumption that Gregg had wagons. I do think it's an important distinction that I believe Pemberton was only interested in Gregg having wagons as a mechanism for hurrying his arrival to Jackson. I don't think Pemberton was thinking Gregg needed wagons for sustained operations in the field, since Pemberton had not a plan beyond gathering reinforcements in Jackson.
Pemberton's plan was for reinforcements to gather in Raymond. Which makes the logistics even more puzzling.
 
Ultimately he did. But during the 05.01-05.07 timeframe he hadn't decided that. He was evacuating every thing of importance out of Jackson and was attempting to create a fortified post at Jackson manned with the reinforcements.
True, and Pemberton surely suspected the blow would fall soon either at Raymond or Edwards, but on the 10th his plan was for Adams, Gregg, Walker, and Gist to move to Raymond to create a force that would defend Raymond or strike Grant in flank. How were they to be supplied?
 
Again, implying Walker had his own wagons. I don't believe Walker came with his own wagons. If you look back to how the order to Beauregard for reinforcements was carried out , you will see that both brigades were infantry supports for seacoast defense and had not even been brigaded together until the 05.01 order. That movement is a great story all by itself! I can't say for sure, but it seems probable that there were no brigade wagons.
The individual regiments would have had their own wagons, so being not being part of a brigade wouldn't mean they didn't have transportation.
 
The individual regiments would have had their own wagons,
I wouldn't disagree with you at all if this were a "normal" campaign. I know wagons were always in short supply in the DMEL and I think the Confederate use of railroads and rivers to move troops could make that SOP of regimental wagons less likely.

Even with regimental wagons I don't think they would have the capacity to sustain a brigade in active operations including combat.
 

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