Muzzleldrs Broken Enfield

R. Porter

Sergeant Major
Joined
Oct 6, 2020
In another thread discussing the intentional damaging of muskets and rifles by the losing side, I mentioned that I had an Enfield that appeared to have been intentionally damaged so that it could not be used. Specifically, someone appears to have grabbed the weapon close to the muzzle, raised it above their head, and swung down like it was an axe. The idea being that the butt of the weapon would hit something hard, like a rock, and snap the wrist so that it could not be used. Anyone finding the weapon would have to use it for parts since the entire stock would need to be replaced. In the case of my gun someone found the two parts and put them back together again using those squiggly staples sometimes fount on the backs of picture frames at the corners to keep the frame together. Overall the stock is dark, the brass is dark. the barrel, ramrod and other iron parts are dark.

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From what I can tell, the lock plate looks like it comes from Birmingham. The stock is too dark to see a cartouche anywhere.

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You can see the damage to the stock. the diagonal line headed down and left from the back of the lock plate is the staple on the hammer side. The staple on the other side is more visible.

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The damage as seen from above. There is also what appears to be a three sided pyramid shape cut into the stock. I suppose it could have been done by an impact but it looks like something someone would do intentionally for identification purposes.

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From the bottom you can see that whatever broke the stock also broke the trigger guard.

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There are no stamps or carvings on the butt or its tang, and none on the brass at the other end of the stock. I haven't removed the ramrod because it's stuck. If you look at the screws on the butt you will see that they are in awful shape and would probably require drilling out. I also don't have a work space that I could use to examine the gun more closely.

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A look for barrel stamps doesn't show much. I think they were there and sometimes, in the right light, if I turn the barrel just right, and squint, I think I see something that could have been a "25".

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In case you want a look at the rear sight, here's a not so good view. I didn't notice anything engraved on the sides, but I didn't look very close.

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I think all those white specks are paint. The action still works and you could theoretically shoot it, if it had a functioning stock, and the nipple hole was clear (don't know, haven't checked) and the barrel was clean (it's not). I don't see rifling when I look in the barrel. I'm pretty sure it's not loaded. I checked with a stick and with an endoscope I got off eBay. I think if it was loaded I would have remembered. I have another rifle that seems loaded using both a stick and endoscope and I remember that one. I think it might have two rounds in it. It's next to where I sleep. I hope it doesn't fall over and go off one night. I included pictures of the gun at half-cock and at full-cock.

Half-cock:

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Full-cock:

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So that's my broken Enfield. Does it look like it was damaged to make it worthless to an enemy? Does it look like it was used in the Civil War rather that some other conflict or no conflict at all?

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It could also be that it was wielded like an ax - on the enemy. There are more than a few sketches showing this - especially if the bayonet was not fixed. AND, if it was not carefully used, that flying butt could hit a stone. boulder, brick wall or even a tree or branch with the same effect. It may even have been done by a surrendering enemy, ensuring that HIS rifle could not be used. Both sides used any good weapons that were better than an issue smooth-bore.

I make out '1862 Tower' on the lock, so it probably IS a civil war weapon as that was the main market for civilian contract weapons in that year. As to which side ... Both the Union and the Confederacy was buying in 1862.

BTW - all the marks would appear on the metalwork with a little cleaning up. It will make it readable - but not pretty. You could also make a far better job on the butt repair too. The wood needs cleaning up too. Most of the acceptance marks for the war were on the stock..
 
Maybe that's how it happened. Mine looked just like that, except the break went the other direction towards the front of the trigger guard. Accraglas gel, walnut dust, and surgical tubing fixed it right up. Definitely worth saving. It's not a pristine example, but it's history in the war in no less important. It will restore very nicely.
 
Cool rifle musket, thanks for showing it. Your theory could certainly be correct. That said, I have received muskets that were damaged in shipping that looked exactly the same. No way of knowing how it got that way. Could have been done in the thick of battle, could have been some kids playing "Army."
 
I suspect the damage was done well prior to the war, the repair certainly was because I don't believe that style of staple existed at that time. It would more likely have been repaired with a brass or copper plate, glue and nails. A nice wall hanger regardless.
 
I suspect the damage was done well prior to the war, the repair certainly was because I don't believe that style of staple existed at that time. It would more likely have been repaired with a brass or copper plate, glue and nails. A nice wall hanger regardless.
Yes. There is always that possibility - but we can dream.
 
It could also be that it was wielded like an ax - on the enemy. There are more than a few sketches showing this - especially if the bayonet was not fixed. AND, if it was not carefully used, that flying butt could hit a stone. boulder, brick wall or even a tree or branch with the same effect. It may even have been done by a surrendering enemy, ensuring that HIS rifle could not be used. Both sides used any good weapons that were better than an issue smooth-bore.

I make out '1862 Tower' on the lock, so it probably IS a civil war weapon as that was the main market for civilian contract weapons in that year. As to which side ... Both the Union and the Confederacy was buying in 1862.

BTW - all the marks would appear on the metalwork with a little cleaning up. It will make it readable - but not pretty. You could also make a far better job on the butt repair too. The wood needs cleaning up too. Most of the acceptance marks for the war were on the stock..
Thinking about it, it appears that if the rifle was swung it must have been done sideways with flat if the butt stock on the side away from the lock plate impacting on something. There doesn't appear to be the kind of damage on the butt stock that you would expect from a rock so maybe it was slung against a tree. I'm not sure whose head would be hard enough to break a stock like that when hit. An alternative is that it was lain across two logs and somebody jumped on it with all their weight. Both acts imply a conscious attempt to make the rifle unusable but both would likely have been done by adults or older kids. I don't see younger kids being able to do that sort of damage and I don't see older kids willing to do that sort of damage. We'll never know, but it seems to be similar to damage found on Indian guns turned-in to the U.S. government. They did not want the guns they turned-in used by the government against them in the future.

I can see the gun being repaired if it was found in pieces by someone after troops passed through the area or if it was grandpa's gun from the war. If it was grandpa's gun I might expect some of the wood chips from around the lock plate held on with glue or tacks. I guess we'll never know. Thanks everyone for your thoughts. If I ever find out more info about it I'll be sure to update this post.
 
I used hyde glue to fix one stock. It's been used by tradesmen for centuries and it's available at Woodcraft. There's a difference between restoration and conservation.

In the latter, you arrest it in its present state and leave it for a future conservator to do a better job. That's on the assumption that technology will improve and the future conservator won't have to undo as much as if it was restored. In a restoration, you bring the gun back to shooting condition as when it was new. You still clean it up, glue and clamp but you also drill and put pins in for additional strength. Then you find wood where the grain matches and fit it to the missing gaps in the stock. Alternative, you get a new stock and put it together with that (but keep the old wood).
 
At the Battle of Yorktown in 1781 some British Regiment when laying down their muskets to surrender were slamming them hard into the ground in an attempt to break/crack the stock at the comb. They were soon ordered to stop doing that.
 
My cousin and I liked to play with the percussion squirrel rifle that hung over the mantle in grandma's basement. Her husband's grandfather was a blacksmith who repaired and built some rifles after he came back from his Civil War captivity at Andersonville. I don't know if he made this, because my cousin and I managed to break it thru the wrist, just like this one, and when she moved from the farm to town it was thrown away!
 
I wonder if there is a way to tell if the damage to the wood was quick and catastrophic or a slow build op of force.
 
I wonder if there is a way to tell if the damage to the wood was quick and catastrophic or a slow build op of force.

Probably a pretty sharp blow. That's the only way to shear off the side of a trigger guard screw like that.

The mainspring is surely a replacement since the positions of half and full cock are incorrect.
That V shaped gouge on the wrist is probably where the hammer was repeatedly smashed into it. You can test that theory by removing the mainspring and easing the hammer back to it.
 
Not sure if you are looking for some advice on repairing the stock. See link for a post I made several years ago re fixing the cracked stock on my 1853 Enfield.


Using dowels in the repair job makes the stock very strong. I have fired at least 500 rounds since the repair I made and you wouldn't know the stock was ever repaired...still holding strong.
 
I was thinking of leaving the stock as is for an example of an intentionally damaged stock, but the dowel idea sounds better. I think before I work on it I'll need to sell my house and get a bigger one to hold all the stuff I have and still have a place for a shop. The house I have was already too small when I bought it in 1991, but it's in an excellent location. It needs lots of work, I've been neglecting it to pay on other family related things, but I find the idea of letting go of it to be difficult. That's always been a problem for me, hence I have all kinds of family related stuff among other things. If you read one of my posts where I say I have a sword somewhere in the house now you know why I say that. If only I could be like the rest of my relatives and have little interest in things and feel no ties to place, but I think everyone else expects me to be a repository of family things, in case, for some reason, they want something from an ancestor or childhood.

I have another rifle with a broken stock that I thought was intentional by the owner, and I still think it was, just not for the reason I first thought. I'll discuss it in a separate thread.
 

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