Stuart Was JEB Stuart Overrated?

Discussion point number two; "Probably his most famous feats were his two rides around McClellan. Operations in which he destroyed little and avoided fighting; he simply rode in a circle to gather information. Something that could have - and perhaps should have - been accomplished by a small number of scouts - possibly operating individually," suggests that a small cavalry force could provide the necessary intelligence for the commander of the army in the field. Was it Stuart's fault for not using his entire cavalry force to provide Lee with the intelligence he wanted or was it Lee's fault for not detaching a small cavalry force, in addition to what was attached to some headquarters units, to handle this task?

Also, I can't help but wonder, was it Stuart's fault for losing Gettysburg by not being on scene until day three or was it Lee's fault for losing Gettysburg by going through with a massive charge on day three?

I've always thought that frontal assault against and entrenched position on the third day was a bad idea. I would not have been happy with Grant's approach to the Overland Campaign; nor a fan of the Western Front in World War I.
 
In light of comments made during this week's Zoom presentation (and in the spirit of some of Major Bill's conversation starters), I'm going ask a deliberately provocative question: is J.E.B. Stuart overrated?

Consider:
  1. Throughout 1862, his period of greatest fame, he faced Union cavalry that was poorly organized and inadequately trained. In other words, he got famous by running roughshod over inferior opposition.
  2. Probably his most famous feats were his two rides around McClellan. Operations in which he destroyed little and avoided fighting; he simply rode in a circle to gather information. Something that could have - and perhaps should have - been accomplished by a small number of scouts - possibly operating individually - rather than by the head of the ANV's cavalry division risking the best horseflesh in the army. Meanwhile, these feats of daring stroked Stuart's ego and gave him an outsized reputation.
  3. He might be to blame for losing Special Orders 191 (and possibly other sensitive documents), then lying to cover it up.
  4. Placed in command of a corps at Chancellorsville after Jackson's fatal wounding, Stuart showed himself aggressive to fault, launching headlong attacks resulting in unsustainable Confederate casualties.
  5. From Brandy Station onward, Stuart basically never fought his Union counterparts to anything better than a draw, with one exception I'll mention below.
  6. He let personal grudges - some over petty matters - dictate his decisions such as his disposition of cavalry brigades during the Gettysburg Campaign.
  7. While there was Plenty Of Blame To Go Around and certain justification, Stuart's actions during the Gettysburg Campaign arguably cost the Confederates the battle.
  8. His status in memory has much to do with his martyrdom and him looking and acting the part of a dashing Virginia cavalier.
I think Stuart's actual finest moment was Buckland Mills, where he correctly assessed Custer and Kilpatrick as Union cavalry generals even more vain and aggressive than Stuart himself and used that recognition to lure them into a trap...which didn't complete close.
You got me thinking. And mind you it's all IMHO...

1. Running roughshod over your opponent doesn't make you overrated. He had fortuitous timing.

2. Little was Screaming for more troops. I'm not sure he knew what he was going to run up against necessarily.

3. No excusebfor losing orders. No excuse for BSing it. And for thatbid havebsentnhim west.

4.He was stuck in Jackson's place. Not exactly like the one you'd want to be in if things were already up in the air like they were. Perhaps emotion was running high?

Also I specialize in my work. I do big, bold, 'open' tattooing. But I can do other styles. Stewart was a cavalryman, cavalier. Thrown on two feet in stead of four hooves can't be easy. No matter how much you may have studied them.

5. You're absolutely right about post-Brandy Station.

6. Jackson was a notorious grudge holder. I think to an extent that showed in battle. I'm not to sure to what extreme about Stewart. Love to know.

7. Gettysburg was a bad scene. I'da ould have disengaged. Stewart was a true zero there. But hey, wagons do carry the wounded.

8. He was the dashing cavalryman. Dashing only gets you so far. If he were playing football he's going for the Hail Mary, not the short game and two point conversions.

As I said MOI and not all trying to irk you?

Buckland Mills? I got reading to do.
 
Discussion point number two; "Probably his most famous feats were his two rides around McClellan. Operations in which he destroyed little and avoided fighting; he simply rode in a circle to gather information. Something that could have - and perhaps should have - been accomplished by a small number of scouts - possibly operating individually," suggests that a small cavalry force could provide the necessary intelligence for the commander of the army in the field. Was it Stuart's fault for not using his entire cavalry force to provide Lee with the intelligence he wanted or was it Lee's fault for not detaching a small cavalry force, in addition to what was attached to some headquarters units, to handle this task?

Also, I can't help but wonder, was it Stuart's fault for losing Gettysburg by not being on scene until day three or was it Lee's fault for losing Gettysburg by going through with a massive charge on day three?

I've always thought that frontal assault against and entrenched position on the third day was a bad idea. I would not have been happy with Grant's approach to the Overland Campaign; nor a fan of the Western Front in World War I.
It was Lee's fault for not ordering Stuart to detach a small force.

And, to correct your error: Stuart arrived at Gettysburg at about 2:00 PM on July 2. He met with Lee and then rode out to see where he could be useful. In doing so, he watched the end of the fight for Brinkerhoff's Ridge and was able to see the ground where he and his men would fight the next day. It enabled him to choose where he wanted to position his troopers the next day.
 
It was Lee's fault for not ordering Stuart to detach a small force.

And, to correct your error: Stuart arrived at Gettysburg at about 2:00 PM on July 2. He met with Lee and then rode out to see where he could be useful. In doing so, he watched the end of the fight for Brinkerhoff's Ridge and was able to see the ground where he and his men would fight the next day. It enabled him to choose where he wanted to position his troopers the next day.
I apologize for my error. I was under the impression that Stuart's force was not present until the third day. Are you saying that Stuart's force was there midway through the second day but Lee chose not to deploy Stuart's force until the third day? And then Stuart is criticized for effectively missing the battle?

(Just trying to get a better idea, I've never focused on battles or remembered battle details that much.)
 
I can't help but wonder, was it Stuart's fault for losing Gettysburg by not being on scene until day three or was it Lee's fault for losing Gettysburg by going through with a massive charge on day three?
After 160 years, Stuart is still saddled with much blame for "losing" Gettysburg. I would recommend Wittenberg/Petruzzi's excellent study of this issue, "Plenty of Blame to Go Around: JEB Stuart's Controversial Ride to Gettysburg." The title says it all.
 
I apologize for my error. I was under the impression that Stuart's force was not present until the third day. Are you saying that Stuart's force was there midway through the second day but Lee chose not to deploy Stuart's force until the third day? And then Stuart is criticized for effectively missing the battle?

(Just trying to get a better idea, I've never focused on battles or remembered battle details that much.)
What I'm saying is that Stuart himself arrived at Gettysburg about 2:00 PM. He then reported to Lee. Two of the three brigades that had been with him on his expedition began filtering in an hour or two behind, and those two brigades were in Gettysburg by about 5:00 PM on July 2. The third brigade--Hampton's--fought the battle of Hunterstown about 5:00 that afternoon and then completed the march to Gettysburg. They arrived sometime after 6:00--the precise time is not known.

Here's what you need to understand: fully half of the Army of the Potomac's Cavalry Corps--four of the eight brigades--were operating either on Lee's left flank (Gregg, with two of his three brigades at Brinkerhoff's Ridge) or beyond it, at Hunterstown (Kilpatrick's two brigades), late on the afternoon of July 2. That is the very specific reason why Lee sent Stuart out there on July 3--to prevent those four brigades from getting around his flank and into his rear. It's also the reason why Lee summoned John D. Imboden's brigade to come to the battlefield and to take position behind the center of his line so that there would be a mounted force available to defend if that Union cavalry did get around the flank and into the rear. Stuart, with about 4100 of his best veteran troopers, was sent there to guard Lee's vulnerable flank and to make some mischief if the opportunity presented itself.

Make no mistake about it: Stuart's primary role on July 3 was to protect Lee's left flank from the large force of Union cavalry that had been operating there on the afternoon of July 2. Gregg's two brigades and ultimately Custer's brigade of Kilpatrick's division had the same assignment: guarding the Union flank. Protecting the flanks was the traditional role of cavalry in the Napoleonic model, and both sides were using their cavalry in that classic Napoleonic fashion. The Federal horsemen had no orders to try to get into Lee's rear, but Lee had absolutely no way to know that. Sending Stuart and his cavalry to guard his flank is exactly what cavalry is supposed to do, and Stuart did so quite effectively. That he almost broke through to get into the Union rear was just a benefit. It also explains why he only made a single attempt at breaking through the Union line at the end of the fighting on East Cavalry Field.

You should also be aware that Lee had Jenkins' brigade with him on the battlefield on July 1 and July 2, although Jenkins was wounded on July 2 and due to a breakdown in the chain of command, his men were left without orders for the rest of the day. There are no surviving accounts, so we don't know what those men did, although we do know that they didn't participate in the Confederate attacks that day. Again, that is in no way Stuart's fault.

Lee only summoned Imboden's command to the battlefield on the morning of July 3--a choice made by Lee himself. And had Beverly Robertson obeyed Stuart's orders instead of dawdling and not arriving until the morning of July 3, Lee would have had two brigades of cavalry with him when he marched east from Chambersburg on July 1. That Robertson was relieved of command and never commanded troops in the ANV after the Gettysburg Campaign speaks volumes--Stuart got rid of him, this time for good. It is hardly Stuart's fault that Robertson disobeyed his orders. There is, perhaps, some culpability for Stuart in not leaving Hampton's brigade and taking Robertson with him, but Stuart despised Robertson and didn't want anything to do with him. Even Jones would have done a MUCH better job, but Robertson outranked Jones by virtue of seniority. Jones excelled at that sort of duty, but in an army that relied on seniority, Robertson ended up in command of that detachment, and it cost Lee the cavalry escort that Stuart had carefully planned for him to have.
 
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What I'm saying is that Stuart himself arrived at Gettysburg about 2:00 PM. He then reported to Lee. Two of the three brigades that had been with him on his expedition began filtering in an hour or two behind, and those two brigades were in Gettysburg by about 5:00 PM on July 2. The third brigade--Hampton's--fought the battle of Hunterstown about 5:00 that afternoon and then completed the march to Gettysburg. They arrived sometime after 6:00--the precise time is not known.

Here's what you need to understand: fully half of the Army of the Potomac's Cavalry Corps--four of the eight brigades--were operating either on Lee's left flank (Gregg, with two of his three brigades at Brinkerhoff's Ridge) or beyond it, at Hunterstown (Kilpatrick's two brigades), late on the afternoon of July 2. That is the very specific reason why Lee sent Stuart out there on July 3--to prevent those four brigades from getting around his flank and into his rear. It's also the reason why Lee summoned John D. Imboden's brigade to come to the battlefield and to take position behind the center of his line so that there would be a mounted force available to defend if that Union cavalry did get around the flank and into the rear. Stuart, with about 4100 of his best veteran troopers, was sent there to guard Lee's vulnerable flank and to make some mischief if the opportunity presented itself.

Make no mistake about it: Stuart's primary role on July 3 was to protect Lee's left flank from the large force of Union cavalry that had been operating there on the afternoon of July 2. Gregg's two brigades and ultimately Custer's brigade of Kilpatrick's division had the same assignment: guarding the Union flank. Protecting the flanks was the traditional role of cavalry in the Napoleonic model, and both sides were using their cavalry in that classic Napoleonic fashion. The Federal horsemen had no orders to try to get into Lee's rear, but Lee had absolutely no way to know that. Sending Stuart and his cavalry to guard his flank is exactly what cavalry is supposed to do, and Stuart did so quite effectively. That he almost broke through to get into the Union rear was just a benefit. It also explains why he only made a single attempt at breaking through the Union line at the end of the fighting on East Cavalry Field.

You should also be aware that Lee had Jenkins' brigade with him on the battlefield on July 1 and July 2, although Jenkins was wounded on July 2 and due to a breakdown in the chain of command, his men were left without orders for the rest of the day. There are no surviving accounts, so we don't know what those men did, although we do know that they didn't participate in the Confederate attacks that day. Again, that is in no way Stuart's fault.

Lee only summoned Imboden's command to the battlefield on the morning of July 3--a choice made by Lee himself. And had Beverly Robertson obeyed Stuart's orders instead of dawdling and not arriving until the morning of July 3, Lee would have had two brigades of cavalry with him when he marched east from Chambersburg on July 1. That Robertson was relieved of command and never commanded troops in the ANV after the Gettysburg Campaign speaks volumes--Stuart got rid of him, this time for good. It is hardly Stuart's fault that Robertson disobeyed his orders. There is, perhaps, some culpability for Stuart in not leaving Hampton's brigade and taking Robertson with him, but Stuart despised Robertson and didn't want anything to do with him. Even Jones would have done a MUCH better job, but Robertson outranked Jones by virtue of seniority. Jones excelled at that sort of duty, but in an army that relied on seniority, Robertson ended up in command of that detachment, and it cost Lee the cavalry escort that Stuart had carefully planned for him to have.
Very instructive reply! Thanks!
 
He isn't over rated.
Was it really Stuart's choice to take a different route and use different roads during the invasion of Pennsylvania? It seems to me that the Confederate cavalry needed a large amount of road space, and a lot of space separate from the rest of the Confederates if the cavalry livestock was going to forage off the summer landscape.
 
The problem for the Confederates during the Gettysburg campaign was the US Army of the Potomac was not as demoralized and immobile as the Confederates thought it was.
 

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