Union vs CSA Guerrilla

[leftyhunter]

University of Texas at Tyler
Scholar Works at UT Tyler
History Theses History and Political Science
Fall 7-16-2012

Cope, Cooperate, Combat: Civilian Responses to Union Occupation in Saline County, Missouri, during the Civil War
Elle Harvell

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the History and Political Science at Scholar Works at UT Tyler. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholar Works at UT Tyler. For more information, please contact [email protected].

ABSTRACT
The Union occupation of Saline County, Missouri, during the Civil War brought many challenges to the civilian population. Civilians responded to the federal presence in a variety of ways: a few citizens coped with the situation, most cooperated in the face of an immediate threat, and others combated the federal incursion ruthlessly. A violent cycle of resistance and retaliation erupted between the pro-Confederate civilians and guerillas and the federals. Federal attempts to punish the Confederate enemy and to stabilize society encouraged more resistance. Faced with increasing defiance, the Union hardened policies. The presence of two rival forces in the county sharply divided the people's sympathies, destroying neutrality. Those who remained loyal to the Union suffered grievously since the Union failed to stabilize the situation and to protect them from guerrilla attacks. Some civilians cooperated with both Union soldiers and guerrillas; however, this ambiguity only made them targets for both sides. Furthermore, Union forces tried to subordinate the pro-Confederate population by seizing local law, disrupting gender norms and familial structures, and inverting class, racial, and ethnic hierarchies, which initiated a complete dismantling of the antebellum southern social structure. By 1865, the citizens of Saline County, the majority of which had favored moderation and compromise before the war, had had their way of life destroyed by years of Union hostility and guerrilla violence: yet, hope remained.

https://scholarworks.uttyler.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=history_grad

Cheers,
USS ALASKA

That in a nutshell describes almost every counterinsurgency conflict in history. Counterinsurgency is messy.
Leftyhunter

 

[TnFed]

That in a nutshell describes almost every counterinsurgency conflict in history. Counterinsurgency is messy.
Leftyhunter

Absolutely. It's brutal, messy and horrible. There is another thread on John P. Gatewood on the board. Gatewood never took a prisoner that I know of and none of the Unionist Mounted Infantry that fought him took any prisoners of his men.

 

[leftyhunter]

Absolutely. It's brutal, messy and horrible. There is another thread on John P. Gatewood on the board. Gatewood never took a prisoner that I know of and none of the Unionist Mounted Infantry that fought him took any prisoners of his men.

Plus the fun fact that forty odd years latter the sons and or grandsons of both counterinsurgency troops and guerrillas on both sides would be fighting guerrillas in the Philippines and make their fathers and Grandfather's look like angry Girl Scouts.
Leftyhunter

 

[USS ALASKA]

JOURNAL ARTICLE
Constructing Guerrilla Memory: John Newman Edwards and Missouri's Irregular Lost Cause
MATTHEW C. HULBERT
Journal of the Civil War Era
Vol. 2, No. 1 (MARCH 2012), pp. 58-81 (24 pages)
Published by: University of North Carolina Press

Constructing Guerrilla Memory on JSTOR

MATTHEW C. HULBERT, Constructing Guerrilla Memory, Journal of the Civil War Era, Vol. 2, No. 1 (MARCH 2012), pp. 58-81

www.jstor.org

Full article on JSTOR with Google sign-in (if you have a Gmail account, you have a Google sign-in and this will allow for free reading of 100 articles a month).

Cheers,
USS ALASKA

 

[USS ALASKA]

A paper to go with post #498...

University of Richmond
UR Scholarship Repository
Honors Theses
Student Research
4-2002

The Gray Ghost's sanctuary: civilians in Mosby's Confederacy during the Civil War
James J. Cain

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected].

Abstract
This work examines why civilians in Mosby's Confederacy supported the 43d Battalion of Virginia Cavalry. The tactics used by Mosby placed civilians at considerable risk with Union authorities, for his men did not live in a separate camp but stayed either in hideaways in the mountains or, more commonly, with families they knew in the area. The nature of the guerrilla warfare practiced by Mosby's men, which involved late night gatherings, lightning strikes on the enemy's weakest points, and then dispersal into the countryside until the next raid, frustrated the Federal commanders who fought against them. These commanders, however, perceived from the start the essential role civilians played in the successful operation of the 43d Battalion and therefore vented their wrath upon Mosby's supporters in an attempt to weaken their resolve to assist him. Countless raids through the area pillaged farms, looted houses, arrested men, insulted women, and left the population on the brink of starvation. However, despite all the risks and sufferings the people endured, they supported Mosby and his rangers steadfastly through to the end of the war. Civilians in Mosby's Confederacy supported the 43<l Battalion because they embraced the Confederate cause, saw Union raids as standard enemy behavior and not solely a result of Mosby's actions, were inspired by Mosby's victories, sought the relief and protection offered by the partisans, and personally knew or were related to many of the rangers.

https://scholarship.richmond.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1350&context=honors-theses

Cheers,
USS ALASKA

 

[Patrick H]

JOURNAL ARTICLE
Constructing Guerrilla Memory: John Newman Edwards and Missouri's Irregular Lost Cause
MATTHEW C. HULBERT
Journal of the Civil War Era
Vol. 2, No. 1 (MARCH 2012), pp. 58-81 (24 pages)
Published by: University of North Carolina Press

Constructing Guerrilla Memory on JSTOR

MATTHEW C. HULBERT, Constructing Guerrilla Memory, Journal of the Civil War Era, Vol. 2, No. 1 (MARCH 2012), pp. 58-81

www.jstor.org

View attachment 462498

Full article on JSTOR with Google sign-in (if you have a Gmail account, you have a Google sign-in and this will allow for free reading of 100 articles a month).

Cheers,
USS ALASKA

Just now saw your post and thought you might be interested in this. This man might have been a myth maker, as the obit says, but he was apparently a heck of a fine adjutant to Shelby and master of an incredible intelligence network during the war.

 

[USS ALASKA]

Irregular warfare in eastern North Carolina during the Civil War
Author; Penny, Charles T.
Subject; HIST
Collections; History Master's Theses
Publisher; East Carolina University

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this thesis is to uncover the history of those men who fought an irregular war in eastern North Carolina during the American Civil War, 1861-1865. Within Union occupied counties, men took up arms against their common enemy and against each other. A civil war within the Civil War developed as Unionists and Confederate sympathizers fought to defend themselves and inflict injury upon their adversaries. By examining regimental histories, from both sides, newspapers, diaries, and official records, a picture of these soldiers emerged and who they were became apparent. Men who simply tired of the war sought only to defend their homes from the outlaws who directed their aggression against the helpless people of the region.
To express the historical record of these men, I have examined the legal aspects of their style of warfare. The Preface defines the terms "guerrilla" and "partisan," and their relationships during the Civil War. The first chapter sets the scene of the conflict in the occupied region of North Carolina. Chapter Two discusses the rise of the Buffaloes, the North Carolinians who took up arms in support of the Union. Chapter Three looks at the Confederate Partisan Rangers as they arose to defend their homes. Chapter Four, the conclusion, brings the irregular war in North Carolina to an end and looks at some of the aftermath. Guerrilla warfare emerged as a defensive measure for many Confederate men. They sought to defend their families and property from a Union occupation force that strived to diminish their will to fight

Irregular warfare in eastern North Carolina during the Civil War

thescholarship.ecu.edu

Cheers,
USS ALASKA

 

[USS ALASKA]

Clemson University
TigerPrints
All Theses
5-2015

The Nature of Guerilla Warfare in the Heart of 'Mosby's Confederacy': Reconstruction in Fauquier County, Virginia
Brett D. Zeggil
Clemson University

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected].

ABSTRACT
During the American Civil War, Colonel John S. Mosby launched one of the most successful guerilla campaigns for the Confederate war effort. "Mosby"s Confederacy," a section of northern Virginia that encompassed four counties, came under the control of Mosby, and what would eventually become the Forty-third Battalion Virginia Cavalry, from 1863 through the end of the war. One county in particular, Fauquier, Virginia, served as the base of Mosby"s operations. The partisan style of warfare, that Mosby employed, demanded a significant amount of participation and collaboration from the local citizenry. The majority of Fauquier"s white community embraced Mosby"s Rangers and the objectives of the unit. The civilian population provided Mosby and his men with protection, resources, and intelligence. Symptomatic of their active participation in the war effort, a fervent Confederate "patriotism" became intimately woven into the fabric of Fauquier"s society. When the Confederacy fell and Mosby dissolved his band of rangers, the extremist sentiments of Confederate nationalism that remained entrenched in Fauquier"s white citizenry would have profound implications for Reconstruction in the county.
The nature of partisan warfare instilled a guerilla mentality in the local citizenry that had supported Mosby during the war. This mindset survived the war, and continued to unite the majority of the white community in the defense of the county. During Reconstruction, former Unionists and African Americans were socially ostracized and violently rebuked for their sentiments. By castigating the "others," the white community hoped to defy their conqueror, and regain control of the county economically, and politically. In a subtle manner, African Americans and the minority pro-Union white population resisted the harsh persecution they were subjected too. The unique wartime circumstances that the civilian population in Fauquier County endured created a unique situation in the postbellum period. The Reconstruction experience of the people residing in Fauquier was uncharacteristic of northern Virginia. The nature of guerilla warfare altered the course of the Civil War and Reconstruction for the inhabitants of Fauquier County, Virginia.

https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3156&context=all_theses

Cheers,
USS ALASKA

 

[Dacluver]

I think, as far as MO goes, there were more southern sympathizing guerrillas, or non regulars/volunteers. On the union side you had volunteer units with numeral designation that behaved as yank guerrillas. Jim Lane?

Anyone interested in the Civil War in mo and ark should read the Turnbo Manuscripts, such as this one. He tells the story of 30 mounted federal running down and shooting a southern sympathizer to death at his home. He notes that they were wearing federal uniforms

https://thelibrary.org/lochist/turnbo/V1/ST005.html

 

[Reconstructed Rebel]

He notes that they were wearing federal uniforms

According to stories told by my elders, the guerrillas that operated in our part of Kentucky would switch back and forth between Federal or Confederate attire depending on the sympathies of the town they were looting.

So if the town was pro-Confederate they would dress as Federals and as Confederates if the town was pro-Union. Clearly they were just acting as lawless gangs and didn't have the blessings of either army. Anarchy brings out all the worst folks to do the worst things.

 

[USS ALASKA]

Southern Illinois University Carbondale
OpenSIUC
Honors Theses
University Honors Program
12-1991

Sam Hildebrand: Missouri Bushwhacker
Russell Wetherington

This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the University Honors Program at OpenSIUC. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of OpenSIUC. For more information, please contact [email protected].

When we consider happenings of the U.S. Civil War, the most popular image is that of large armies fighting decisive battles. Places such as Gettysburg, Shiloh, and Appomattox have an almost religious aura about them. Yet, the Civil War had a bitter side that is often forgotten. For areas such as rural Missouri, a civil war within the Civil War exited.

Although technically a Union state, Missouri has the dubious notoriety of being one of the Civil War's major guerrilla battlegrounds. The ferocity of this inner war matches anything within the American experience and would today be more associated with Lebanon than with the Midwest. This kind of war was one of personal vendetta mixed with local political interest. Bands of irregular Union and Confederate guerrillas, also knows as bushwhackers, roamed the rural portions of Missouri. This paper will examine the life of one of these bushwhackers, Sam Hildebrand.

https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1023&context=uhp_theses

Cheers,
USS ALASKA

 

[Patrick H]

Southern Illinois University Carbondale
OpenSIUC
Honors Theses
University Honors Program
12-1991

Sam Hildebrand: Missouri Bushwhacker
Russell Wetherington

This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the University Honors Program at OpenSIUC. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of OpenSIUC. For more information, please contact [email protected].

When we consider happenings of the U.S. Civil War, the most popular image is that of large armies fighting decisive battles. Places such as Gettysburg, Shiloh, and Appomattox have an almost religious aura about them. Yet, the Civil War had a bitter side that is often forgotten. For areas such as rural Missouri, a civil war within the Civil War exited.

Although technically a Union state, Missouri has the dubious notoriety of being one of the Civil War's major guerrilla battlegrounds. The ferocity of this inner war matches anything within the American experience and would today be more associated with Lebanon than with the Midwest. This kind of war was one of personal vendetta mixed with local political interest. Bands of irregular Union and Confederate guerrillas, also knows as bushwhackers, roamed the rural portions of Missouri. This paper will examine the life of one of these bushwhackers, Sam Hildebrand.

https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1023&context=uhp_theses

Cheers,
USS ALASKA

Hildebrand is not as infamous as Quantrill, Anderson, or Todd, so this ought to be a good and informative read for many. A bit of semantics here: I started to write that he isn't as well known as Quantrill, but very few really know Q either. He is definitely a puzzling character. I will get back to this and read the dissertation later. Thanks for posting it!

 

[USS ALASKA]

I will get back to this and read the dissertation later.

This is a short one at 23 pages...

Cheers,
USS ALASKA

 

[Borderruffian]

Southern Illinois University Carbondale
OpenSIUC
Honors Theses
University Honors Program
12-1991

Sam Hildebrand: Missouri Bushwhacker
Russell Wetherington

This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the University Honors Program at OpenSIUC. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of OpenSIUC. For more information, please contact [email protected].

When we consider happenings of the U.S. Civil War, the most popular image is that of large armies fighting decisive battles. Places such as Gettysburg, Shiloh, and Appomattox have an almost religious aura about them. Yet, the Civil War had a bitter side that is often forgotten. For areas such as rural Missouri, a civil war within the Civil War exited.

Although technically a Union state, Missouri has the dubious notoriety of being one of the Civil War's major guerrilla battlegrounds. The ferocity of this inner war matches anything within the American experience and would today be more associated with Lebanon than with the Midwest. This kind of war was one of personal vendetta mixed with local political interest. Bands of irregular Union and Confederate guerrillas, also knows as bushwhackers, roamed the rural portions of Missouri. This paper will examine the life of one of these bushwhackers, Sam Hildebrand.

https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1023&context=uhp_theses

Cheers,
USS ALASKA

Just what it's worth there were a lot of Partisans not as well known as WCQ ,Bloody Bill, either of the Todd's or Dave Poole must have had better Press Agents I guess.
There was Alvin Cobb and Livingston for instance that were just as bloody as them, but for shorter periods of time. WCQ and the rest of the West Missouri bands also conducted some of the bigger raids of the Missouri war, hence the press in Yankee papers.

 

[USS ALASKA]

"THE PRESENCE OF THESE FAMILIES IS THE CAUSE OF THE PRESENCE THERE OF THE GUERRILLAS": THE INFLUENCE OF LITTLE DIXIE HOUSEHOLDS ON THE CIVIL WAR IN MISSOURI
University of Missouri-Columbia
Master of Arts
JOSEPH M BEILEIN JR
AUGUST 2006
© Copyright By Joseph Michael Beilein Jr All Rights Reserved

In the mid-nineteenth century North, industrialism and separate spheres removed men and the war from the household, however the military defense of an intact preindustrial society, like rural Missouri, maintained the bonds between men and their households. Antebellum, rural Missouri was a pre-industrial society centered on individual households. The household was not just a place to live, but the location for every aspect of life in the South, from politics to economic production to physical reproduction. Fisk wanted to believe that the guerrillas acted independently of their households like Union troopers who were hundreds of miles from home and supplied by a centralized government that controlled industry. What Fisk did not realize was that the guerrillas derived their independence from the very households that motivated and influenced their actions. It is for these reasons that any study of the Missourians in the Civil War can only be as dynamic as the scholars understanding of Missouri as a society based in and built on the household

https://mospace.umsystem.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10355/4512/research.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y

Because of copywrite, please use the above link

Cheers,
USS ALASKA

 

[USS ALASKA]

Collection: School of Advanced Military Studies Monographs
Title: Fickle Allies: regular and irregular Confederate Forces in Missouri during the American Civil War.
Author: Welborn, Scott D.
Branch/Country: United States Marine Corps

Abstract
Today's operational environment finds irregular warfare alive and well. Irregular forces' organization, size, composition, and depth of support vary greatly on the battlefield. These dynamics correspondingly impact their overall influence and effect on a given conflict, as irregulars may serve as a mere harassment or weigh heavily on the final results. The state of Missouri and the surrounding region were no strangers to guerrilla and irregular warfare during the American Civil War. Pre-existing conflict and competing sentiments for secession or neutrality laid the roots for a violent struggle to determine the fate of Missouri as a Union or Confederate state. Pro-Confederate Missourians formed irregular organizations to fight for a secessionist Missouri. These forces associated with the Confederate government and army to pursue common objectives; however, the relationships between these organizations were largely ill-defined. Two predominant pro-Confederate organizations, the Missouri State Guard (MSG) and William Quantrill's band of guerrillas, approached irregular warfare in and around Missouri with very different methods and tactics. The operational histories of the MSG and Quantrill's band reveal instances of coordinated operations with the conventional army/ government and unilateral activities alike. Through a detailed study of these forces and the larger operational context for the Confederacy, this monograph finds that there was no consistent, cohesive relationship between regular and irregular forces, and that this lack of structure impaired operational planning and effectiveness. The paper concludes by looking at the relevance to the contemporary operating environment and offers considerations and recommendations for today's operational planner.

Series: Command and General Staff College (CGSC), School of Advanced Military Studies (SAMS) Monograph
Publisher: Fort Leavenworth, KS : US Army Command and General Staff College,
Date, Original: 2014-05-22
Date, Digital: 2014-05-22
Release statement: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. The opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the student-authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College or any other governmental agency. (References to these studies should include the foregoing statement.)
Repository: Combined Arms Research Library
Library: Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library
Date created: 2014-10-27

https://cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/api/collection/p4013coll3/id/3163/download

Cheers,
USS ALASKA

 

[USS ALASKA]

Journal Article
Constructing Guerrilla Memory: John Newman Edwards and Missouri's Irregular Lost Cause
MATTHEW C. HULBERT
Journal of the Civil War Era
Vol. 2, No. 1 (MARCH 2012), pp. 58-81
University of North Carolina Press

Constructing Guerrilla Memory on JSTOR

MATTHEW C. HULBERT, Constructing Guerrilla Memory, Journal of the Civil War Era, Vol. 2, No. 1 (MARCH 2012), pp. 58-81

www.jstor.org

Full article at above link on JSTOR with Google sign-in (In the upper right-hand corner of the linked page, there is a 'Log in' button. If you have a Gmail account, you have a Google sign-in and this will allow for free reading of 100 articles a month).

Cheers,
USS ALASKA

 

[13 IL Cav & 64 GA Inf]

Good questions. I look forward to the answers.

I don't know either, but having recently read 3 books about the Civil War in Arkansas, I do know that the Confederates had a lot of guerilla warfare in that state. I don't have any numbers at all, as the books did not provide any.

 

[Patrick H]

Journal Article
Constructing Guerrilla Memory: John Newman Edwards and Missouri's Irregular Lost Cause
MATTHEW C. HULBERT
Journal of the Civil War Era
Vol. 2, No. 1 (MARCH 2012), pp. 58-81
University of North Carolina Press

View attachment 538470

Constructing Guerrilla Memory on JSTOR

MATTHEW C. HULBERT, Constructing Guerrilla Memory, Journal of the Civil War Era, Vol. 2, No. 1 (MARCH 2012), pp. 58-81

www.jstor.org

Full article at above link on JSTOR with Google sign-in (In the upper right-hand corner of the linked page, there is a 'Log in' button. If you have a Gmail account, you have a Google sign-in and this will allow for free reading of 100 articles a month).

Cheers,
USS ALASKA

 

[USS ALASKA]

Journal Article
Indebtedness and the Origins of Guerrilla Violence in Civil War Missouri
Mark W. Geiger
The Journal of Southern History
Vol. 75, No. 1 (Feb., 2009), pp. 49-82
Southern Historical Association

Indebtedness and the Origins of Guerrilla Violence in Civil War Missouri on JSTOR

Mark W. Geiger, Indebtedness and the Origins of Guerrilla Violence in Civil War Missouri, The Journal of Southern History, Vol. 75, No. 1 (Feb., 2009), pp. 49-82

www.jstor.org

Full article at above link on JSTOR with Google sign-in (In the upper right-hand corner of the linked page, there is a 'Log in' button. If you have a Gmail account, you have a Google sign-in and this will allow for free reading of 100 articles a month).

Cheers,
USS ALASKA