Wild Tangent alert:
Speaking of bulk black powder, I often wondered why neither side was able to come up with a practical hand grenade during the war. I know the Federals employed some at Vicksburg, but from what I have read it was more like a hot potato.
A black powder charge is a piece of cake to make up, they were able to cast iron for the body of the grenade and either short duration fuses or funnels and percussion caps would have been able to be used as the firing devises.
Granted, the effects would be more psychological than physical, but in tightly packed formations at 20-30 yards 80-100 grenades lobbed into a formation would have caused a great deal of chaos and confusion.