Civil War Naval Papers

Journal Article
"The Clangor of That Blacksmith's Fray": Technology, War, and Experience Aboard the USS Monitor
David A. Mindell
Technology and Culture
Vol. 36, No. 2 (Apr., 1995), pp. 242-270
The Johns Hopkins University Press

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Full article at above link on JSTOR with Google sign-in (In the upper right-hand corner of the linked page, there is a 'Log in' button. If you have a Gmail account, you have a Google sign-in and this will allow for free reading of 100 articles a month).

Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 
A Management Plan For Known and Potential United States Navy Shipwrecks in South Carolina
Maritime Research Division
South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology
University of South Carolina
1321Pendleton Street
Columbia, South Carolina 29208-0071

For the Naval Historical Center
805 Kidder Breese Street SE
Washington Navy Yard
Washington, DC 20374-5060
Edited by James D. Spirek and Christopher F. Amer
Prepared by Christopher F. Amer, Joseph Beatty 111,Lynn B. Harris, Carleton Naylor, James D. Spirek, and Mark K. Ragan
April 2004

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report, A Management Plan For Known and Potential United States Navy Shipwrecks in South Carolina, presents the results of a multi-year study that partnered the Maritime Research Division (MRD) of the South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology (SCIAA) at the University of South Carolina (USC) with the Naval Historical Center (NHC) in Washington, DC. The project, as outlined in a memorandum of agreement dated 2 September, 1998, was conducted in two phases. The first phase called for compiling historical and cultural data of United States Navy vessels lost in South Carolina waters to document the losses and subsequent wreck history of each vessel. The resultant information was then used to update the NHCYs database of shipwrecks in or near state waters claimed by the Navy to more accurately reflect the status of the naval shipwrecks in state waters.

The second phase of the project included conducting remote sensing operations on a limited number of shipwreck sites and areas of naval activities, primarily from the Civil War. The primary area of operation for this phase was the Charleston area, and included surveys of USS Patapsco, USS Weehawken, and USS Keokuk, as well as the site of USS Housatonic. A second area of survey was Port Royal Sound, which was another center of naval activity between 186 1 and 1865. During those years, the Union forces used areas of the Sound to supply and repair ships of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron. Several areas of the Sound and its approaches were magnetically and acoustically surveyed and a number of magnetic and acoustic anomalies were ground-truthed to determine their source. Additionally, two shipwrecks were documented, one previously located wreck and one newly-discovered site, thought to be a US Navy-owned whaling ship. A third survey area was in the ACE Basin (Ashepoo-Combahee-Edisto Rivers) to gather information about two Civil War vessels, USS Dai Ching, a navy gunboat, and USS Boston, an army transport. The fourth area centered on the Civil War wreck of the USS Hawest Moon, a navy vessel, sunk by a torpedo in Winyah Bay. This information was documented in a geographic information system (GIs) database format and presented in Chapter Seven of this report.



Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 

Attachments

Ammen, Daniel. Navy in the Civil War, The: Vol. 2, The Atlantic Coast. New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1883. 273 pp. :thumbsup:

For free...

Collection; General Military History
Title; Navy in the Civil War, Volume II. The Atlantic Coast.
Author; Ammen, Daniel

Abstract
Volume II of three parts, tells the condition of the navy at the beginning of the war and consists of the naval operations between Cape Hatteras to Cape Florida conducted in the sounds, rivers, and harbors along the Atlantic coast. Specifically Port Royal, Fort McAllister, Charleston, and Fort Fisher operations are detailed. Appendix contains lists of vessels engaged during operations. Indexed, 9 maps.

Publisher; New York : Charles Scribner's Sons,
Date, Original; 1885
Date, Digital; 2002
Call number; 973.75 N327
Release Statement; Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Repository; Combined Arms Research Library
Library; Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library
Date created; 2005-12-16



Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 

Attachments

MISERABLE BUSINESS OF WAR AFLOAT: THE AUGUST 1864 CRUISE OF THE CSS TALLAHASSEE
Michael D. Robinson
University of North Carolina Wilmington
Master of Arts
Department of History
2007

ABSTRACT
The focus of this thesis is the August 1864 cruise of the Confederate commerce raider CSS Tallahassee. Commanded by John Taylor Wood, the cruise up and down the coasts of New York and New England lasted only twenty days but resulted in the destruction or bonding of thirty-one merchant vessels. Naval historians have addressed this cruise as an isolated example of Confederate commerce raiding and failed to place the cruise in the larger context of the war. This study is an attempt to investigate the cruise in greater depth and breadth. The mission was specifically designed to alleviate the pressure of the Federal blockade off Wilmington and harass the Union merchant marine, but other motivations have not been adequately examined. This thesis ties the cruise of the Tallahassee into the grand strategy of the Confederacy in the summer of 1864, including plan to secure independence by influencing the United States presidential election of November 1864. The reaction of the Northern populace to the cruise is considered, as well as effect the cruise had on Anglo-Confederate relations. Finally, in addition to providing a glimpse of the cruise itself, the long-term implications of the cruise are considered. Ironically, the cruise contributed to the downfall of the Confederate States of America. Northern officials and the press viewed the Tallahassee as a pirate, strengthening the call to close the port from whence the raider embarked, Wilmington, North Carolina. The disagreements among Confederate leaders over the cruise highlighted other problems that plagued the Confederacy. The object of this study is to bring the motivations and ramifications of this cruise to light. Historians have only recounted the events of the cruise without carefully considering why the cruise was designed or the overarching results of the mission. Careful primary and secondary research was undertaken for this thesis. While this study fits into the realm of naval and military history, the writer uses the fields of political history, diplomatic history, and social history to better tell the story of the CSS Tallahassee.


Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 

Attachments

With the posts made by "ALASKA" (and others as well), reading on this site is often better than reading a CW Book! Reading on this site certainly slows my progress down in reading my Civil War books.

But it is free. Well, other than time...and brain cells...and eye issues with reading off a computer screen for hours on end...

Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 
  • Scharf, J. Thomas. History of the Confederate States Navy from Its Organization to the Surrender of Its Last Vessel. Baltimore: Rogers & Sherwood, 1887. 824 pp.

Not the quickest read...but it is free and in Public Domain...

HISTORY OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES NAVY FROM ITS ORGANIZATION TO THE SURRENDER OF ITS LAST VESSEL.
J. THOMAS SCHARF, A. M., LL.D.
AN OFFICER OF THE LATE CONFEDERATE STATES NAVY,
PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED.
NEW YORK: ROGERS & SHERWOOD,
1887.

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...and way too large a file to attach. Please use above link.

Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 
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ANDREW H. FOOTE: FROM FORT DONELSON TO FORT PILLOW
Lonnie E. Maness, Ph.D.

The great victories at Forts Henry and Donelson eliminated the center of the Confederate defensive line in the West. Columbus, the Gibraltar of the West and Bowling Green, Johnston's headquarters, were now outflanked. Thus, General Albert Sidney Johnston had little recourse but to fall back and regroup his forces for another stand that would take place in Bloody April, the fateful Battle of Shiloh. The way was now open for a general advance up the Tennessee River to northern Alabama. Nashville was soon occupied as the Confederates retreated.


Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 

Attachments

The Laird Rams: Warships in Transition 1862-1885
Andrew Ramsey English
University of Exeter
Doctor of Philosophy in Maritime History
April 2016

ABSTRACT
The Laird rams, built from 1862-1865, reflected concepts of naval power in transition from the broadside of multiple guns, to the rotating turret with only a few very heavy pieces of ordnance. These two ironclads were experiments built around the two new offensive concepts for armoured warships at that time: the ram and the turret. These sister armourclads were a collection of innovative designs and compromises packed into smaller spaces. A result of the design leap forward was they suffered from too much, too soon, in too limited a hull area. The turret ships were designed and built rapidly for a Confederate Navy desperate for effective warships. As a result of this urgency, the pair of twin turreted armoured rams began as experimental warships and continued in that mode for the next thirty five years. They were armoured ships built in secrecy, then floated on the Mersey under the gaze of international scrutiny and suddenly purchased by Britain to avoid a war with the United States. Once purchased, they were largely forgotten. Historians rarely mention these two sister ironclads and if mentioned at all, they are given short shrift. Built with funds obtained in part through the Confederate Erlanger loan, these ironclads were constructed at Lairds shipyard in Birkenhead and represented an advanced concept of ironclad construction through new proposals involving turrets, the ram, heavy guns and tripod masts on an armoured ship, as advocated by Captain Cowper Coles, R.N. They proved too much of a leap in one design but when their roles caught up to the revised designs, the ships were modified to meet new requirements. After several mission and design changes they then performed to standard. This belated success occurred when the concept of the ideal armoured warship was in flux throughout the middle Victorian years.


Because of copyright, please use above link.

Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 
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Union Gunboat Action on the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers, 1861-1864
Getz, Lowell L.
2020-10-27
Copyright 2020 by Lowell L. Getz. All Rights Reserved

Abstract
Soon after the start of the Civil War, the Union began planning to drive Confederate forces from Kentucky and Tennessee. Control of the river systems of the region was necessary to for movement of forces and materials and to ensure safety of supply lines in these operations. This account describes the activities of the Union gunboats involved in support of military operations on the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers from October 1861-December 1861-1864.


Because of copyright, please use above link.

Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 
University of South Carolina
Scholar Commons
Faculty & Staff Publications
Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, South Carolina
11-27-2012

The Archeology of Civil War Naval Operations at Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, 1861-1865
James D. Spirek
University of South Carolina - Columbia

This Book is brought to you by the Archaeology and Anthropology, South Carolina Institute of at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty & Staff Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. © 2012 by The South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology

Executive Summary
In 2008 the Maritime Research Division (MRD) of the South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of South Carolina received a National Park Service American Battlefield Protection Program (ABPP) grant to study the naval operations at Charleston Harbor during the American Civil War. The ABPP provides these funds to encourage preserving and protecting battlefields and sites that influenced American history, promoting and assisting in preservation management and planning of these sites, and increasing awareness and appreciation of preserving these significant battlefields and sites for future generations. Funds from the ABPP grant allowed the MRD to undertake historical research and archeological investigations on cultural resources remaining on the Charleston Harbor Naval Battlefield, the scene of a protracted struggle from 1861 to 1865 between Confederate defenders and Federal attackers. This report, The Archeology of Civil War Naval Operations at Charleston Harbor, 1861-1865, presents the findings and recommendations generated by our study of this significant naval battlefield. The main objectives of this project were to define and delineate the Study Area, Core Area, Defining Features, and the Potential National Register Boundary of the Charleston Harbor Naval Battlefield through historical and archeological documentation. Identifying the historical and archeological extent of the battlefield to include the Defining Features composed of cultural, natural, and military features of the landscape aided in determining the project Study Area and the Core Area of combat actions all encompassed in a Potential National Register Boundary. A corollary objective included gathering historical data to aid in locating known and potential archeological resources, and helping interpret the battlefield and the implements of war remaining on the battlefield. A modern military analysis scheme called KOCOA, a method to understanding the natural, cultural, and military features of the landscape and their effect on the battle, provided a framework to analyze and interpret the Charleston Harbor Naval Battlefield. Fieldwork to support the project objectives consisted of conducting marine remote sensing operations to gather additional information on previously recorded sites including the Federal ironclads Patapsco, Weehawken and Keokuk, and to locate undocumented sites, including the First and Second Stone Fleets and Battery Wagner. Archeologists and volunteers ground-truthed several magnetic and acoustic anomalies and dove on several wreck sites including Patapsco, First Stone Fleet, and the blockade runners Constance and Georgiana/Mary Bowers shipwreck complex. In addition to investigating underwater sites, archeologists documented several terrestrial sites including buried blockade runners at Fort Moultrie on Sullivan's Island and on the beach front of the Isle of Palms, and the Swamp Angel Battery and reported remains of the Weehawken Torpedo Raft behind Morris Island. The historical and archeological information derived from this project to document the boundary and cultural remnants of Charleston Harbor served not only to illuminate the past, but also the present and future of this important naval battlefield. By delineating the boundary and documenting extant features, managers charged with the preservation of these nationally significant cultural resources can use these findings to interpret and to protect the battlefield. By knowing the natural and cultural locations of these resources in the present, managers may better anticipate looming and distant issues surrounding the preservation of these battlefield vestiges. Two major developmental issues with the potential to impact the Charleston Harbor Naval Battlefield are navigation improvement and beach renourishment projects. The continuing research, educational, and recreational potential of this naval battlefield requires all interested stakeholders to participate in the preservation of this unique Civil War legacy.


Because of copyright, please use above link.

Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 
I was stationed in Charleston 1979-1981, in the U.S. Navy. I liked it there. Found out J.F. Kennedy was at the Navy Shipyard there. I managed to see the battery, but my ship always passed Fort Sumter. At the time little Civil War intrest, was at the Norfolk Virginia base, had no way to see Petersburg, so stayed on base. Years later my son was in college at Lynchburg, he took us to Appomattox. Always wanted a petty officers patch from the Civil War. Or at least a reproduction. I like the USS Cairo.
 
Experimental ironclad: a construction and early operational history of the USS Galena
1991
Hackemer, Kurt Henry
Texas A&M University

Abstract
This thesis analyzes the construction and early operational history of the USS Galena, a Civil War ironclad. It uses the Galena to examine the initial selection process for ironclads, to assess the ability of Northern industry to respond to the technical challenges of the war, to take a closer look at the often contentious process of ironclad construction, and to analyze the impact of this experimental design on the type of ironclads chosen to prosecute the war. The Galena was built as one of three experimental designs early in the war. The other two, the New Ironsides and the Monitor, were relatively successful, while the Galena had mixed results. She proved a tactical failure but a strategic success in the critical summer of 1862. Although unable to perform as well as expected, she had both a psychological and a physical impact during the Peninsula Campaign, playing a critical role in the salvation of General George Brinton McClellan's army after the Seven Days.


Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 

Attachments

Attachments

Last edited:
Papers to go with the above post...

Journal Article
THE WARSHIP THAT SANK BEFORE BEING LAUNCHED – USS CAMANCHE
Charles H. Bogart
Warship International
Vol. 6, No. 1 (Winter, 1969), pp. 50-53
International Naval Research Organization

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Journal Article
The Camanche: First Monitor of the Pacific
Robert Ryal Miller
California Historical Society Quarterly, Vol. 45, No. 2 (Jun., 1966), pp. 113-124
University of California Press

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Full articles at above links on JSTOR with Google sign-in (In the upper right-hand corner of the linked page, there is a 'Log in' button. If you have a Gmail account, you have a Google sign-in and this will allow for free reading of 100 articles a month).

Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 
A paper to go with all the 'RN vs USN' threads and papers...

Clad in Iron: Assessing the Comparative Strategic and Tactical Strengths of British and Union Ironclad Programs of the Civil War Era 1861-1862
Howard J. Fuller
King's College London
Department of War Studies
2004 Ph. D. Thesis

Abstract
Great Britain and the United States faced common technological challenges to their naval power, while often teetering on the brink of hostilities with each other, throughout the Civil War era. This combination of rapid industrial-based changes in naval warfare and heightened diplomatic tension yielded contrasting solutions which reflected each nation's unique perspective-and predicament-on foreign affairs. While the Federal Union was from first to last concerned with subduing the rebellion of southern states it also took clear steps in 1861 and 1862 to both prepare for and deter any foreign interference in the conflict, starting with its navy. Britain's navy, meanwhile, faced a wide range of peace-time problems both foreign and domestic. 'Economizing the Empire' while also consolidating its security worldwide, maintaining battlefleet parity, if not superiority, over France, and determining the most effective armoured warships for these seemingly contradictory roles meant that the Admiralty was frequently drawn to the American struggle for providing examples in modem naval warfare, in addition to the strategic implications of an ironclad US. Navy. These in turn provoked intense discussion in these years of both tactics and strategy (as they did in the United States) of great importance. The 'tactical' debate over ironclad programs-over the limits and roles of the latest naval technology-led directly to larger issues of national policy. Moreover, the controversies which evolved on both sides of the Atlantic were not isolated, they originated with and continued to affect one another American and British, in a precise relationship during a mutually-decisive phase of a common history. This thesis, therefore, is not a mere technical exposition of 'ships' but a study of the men behind their design, construction, and deployment, and the larger technological, political and even social forces affecting these ultimately personal decisions of national-and imperial-defence.


Please use above link.

Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 
The Autobiography of Rear Admiral John A. Dahlgren
EDITED BY PETER C. LUEBKE
Published by Naval History and Heritage Command
805 Kidder Breese Street SE
Washington Navy Yard, DC 20374-5060

FOREWORD
In the first years of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln would occasionally get on his horse, ride over to the Washington Navy Yard and pass time with then–Captain John Dahlgren. Dahlgren would test-fire his latest developments in naval ordnance down the Anacostia River, which fascinated Lincoln. This pastime required some degree of courage on Lincoln's part, given the disaster that occurred on the Potomac River aboard USS Princeton in 1844, when a new "long gun" exploded during a demonstration firing killing the Secretary of the Navy, Secretary of State, and several others, while President John Tyler was aboard. In this case, however, Lincoln had reason for confidence that Dahlgren knew what he was doing because he had been at the forefront of naval ordnance advances for more than a decade. Lincoln and Dahlgren shared an unlikely friendship, given their very different personalities. Dahlgren was not above using their friendship to his advantage. Lincoln upset standard protocol, intervening directly to get Dahlgren promoted to rear admiral and what Dahlgren coveted the most—a major sea-going command with the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron. At the outbreak of the Civil War, as commandant of the Washington Navy Yard, Dahlgren quickly moved on his own initiative to improve the defenses of the river approaches to the capital city. He acted energetically to organize defensive details to protect the yard and its military stores from Confederate threat, at a time when many did not completely grasp the threat, because of the pervasive over-confidence that the war would be short. Not surprisingly, most of Dahlgren's autobiography concentrates on the Civil War period. He writes extensively about his own exploits and those of his sons. One of his sons, Ulric, served in the Union Army with distinction and was killed during a controversial cavalry raid on Richmond in 1864. Another of his sons, Charles, served with the Navy on the Mississippi River in operations against Vicksburg, where he gained experience putting his father's inventions to practical use. In his autobiography, Dahlgren also takes time to recognize the heroism of Union officers and men during the war. For example, he mentions the valor of Commander James Ward, the first Union naval officer killed in the war, in action against Confederate batteries, as well as the bravery of Sailors during battles in and around Charleston Harbor. As commander of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron, Dahlgren's inability to bring about the fall of Charleston from the sea led a number of contemporary critics to suggest that his abilities as a technical officer significantly exceeded his abilities as a combat commander. Some of this was due to jealousy as to how he came to be in command of the squadron, but some was justified. Dahlgren also faced numerous obstacles, as the Confederates energetically adopted technologies such as mines, torpedo boats, and a submarine. Friction with U.S. Army commanders, which was not unique to Dahlgren, didn't help either. Despite these challenges, the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron gradually cut the Confederacy off from foreign supplies. Charleston fell in 1865 with the approach of General William T. Sherman's force, but Dahlgren and the Navy had contributed greatly to this victory. Dahlgren's legacy in the Navy was profound and lasting, primarily for his role in designing and developing the weapons and ammunition that enabled the Union Navy to emerge victorious at sea and on the inland waterways during the Civil War. Because of this, when the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren was established during World War I in 1918, and which to this day designs and tests most of the Navy's shipboard weapons, it was named in honor of John A. Dahlgren.

RADM Samuel J. Cox, USN (Retired)
Director of Naval History
Curator of the Navy
Director, Naval History and Heritage Command



Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 

Attachments

Eastern North Carolina Civil War Shipwreck District: Statement of Historical Significance
Wilson Angley
3 December 1991
Research Branch
Division of Archives and History
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources

With respect to North Carolina specifically, Federal military strategists recognized that control over the sounds and navigable rivers of the coastal region would give them control over roughly one-third of the entire state and place in jeopardy the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad so essential as an artery of supplies for Confederate troops in Virginia. Moreover, mastery over the upper sound region would also close off the Dismal swamp and Albemarle and Chesapeake canals connecting the coastal waters of North Carolina with those of Virginia. To seize and control the sounds and rivers of coastal North Carolina, however, it would first be necessary that Union naval forces gain access through the navigable inlets along the Outer Banks . Confederate military planners of course, were equally aware of the strategic and economic importance of North Carolina's sounds and rivers; and they clearly recognized the necessity of guarding those inlets with every resource at hand.


Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 

Attachments

Never thought of this issue before...

OCS STUDY MMS 2004-005
ARCHAEOLOGICAL DAMAGE FROM OFFSHORE DREDGING: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PRE-OPERATIONAL SURVEYS AND MITIGATION DURING DREDGING TO AVOID ADVERSE IMPACTS
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
MINERALS MANAGEMENT SERVICE
Leasing Division, Sand and Gravel Unit
Minerals Management Service
Herndon, Virginia
Research Planning, Inc.
Columbia, South Carolina
Tidewater Atlantic Research, Inc.
Washington, North Carolina
W.F. Baird & Associates Ltd.
Madison, Wisconsin
February 2004

INTRODUCTION
The U.S. Department of the Interior, specifically, the Minerals Management Service (MMS), has jurisdiction over all mineral resources on the United States Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). Public Law 103-426 gives MMS the authority to convey the rights to OCS sand, shell, or gravel resources for shore protection, beach or wetlands restoration projects, or for use in construction projects funded in whole or in part as authorized by the Federal Government. Extensive beach nourishment projects on the East and Gulf Coasts are depleting known sand sources within the jurisdiction of the individual States (up to 3 nautical miles offshore). Assessment of potential sand resources in Federal waters have encouraged both the development of new resources and further restoration projects. The National Historic Preservation Act requires federal agencies to protect historic and cultural resources which include shipwrecks, historic fortifications, and coastal settlements, as well as prehistoric sites that have become submerged due to the global and local rise in sea level. As a federal agency, the MMS must protect the significant archaeological and historic sites that maybe impacted by its activities. In addition, regardless of the historical significance of a shipwreck or site, these structures provide fish habitat and are considered potential Essential Fish Habitat. These structures can, and in many cases do, support sport fishing and diving industries. In keeping with its mandate to protect archaeological and historic cultural resources, the MMS has commissioned this study to review its current practices and procedures. This study is focused on the operation of dredges mining sand and gravel in the OCS for aggregates and for beach nourishment projects. In the last two decades, most sand mining has been for beach nourishment projects on the East and Gulf coasts.


Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 

Attachments

One to go with all the other USS Monitor papers...

The Construction of USS Monitor and its impact on the Upper-Hudson Valley
Marcus R. Cimino

The Hudson Valley region of New York State played a major role in the Union's struggle, and later success during the American Civil War (1861-1865). The creation of the famous ironclad vessel, the USS Monitor is a clear example of this effort, and was completed from start to finish, within the region. Although the infamous battles at Hampton Roads between the Monitor and her nemesis CSS Virginia did not physically take place in the Hudson Valley, the building of the monitor deeply impacted the Hudson Valley by creating economic stimulation at home. While the war waged on in the border states of the Union and the Confederacy, the backbone of the northern war effort: labor, entrepreneurship, and military innovation-all were being exercised in the Hudson Valley by the Monitor's contractors. No one task during the war stands out as more monumental amongst the Upper-Hudson Valley's accomplishments than the building of the USS Monitor. This new era of naval warfare could not have been brought about without the Hudson Valley's manufacturing capacity and the men who made it happen.


Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 

Attachments


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