The Frugal Gourmet (Jeff Smith) says somewhere to never use water when something flavored will do; that was my first thought with this recipe. Good cooks back then were boiling anything and everything for flavor (speaking of which, I've got corn cobs to boil!), and I suspect most of them used some sort of flavored broth for this dish.
I seem to remember that barley in Civil War days was not as processed as modern barley -- it was pearled, just less thoroughly -- but I couldn't find anything saying so.
I did, however, find this little tidbit, which I knew but had forgotten. Barley was used in pregnancy tests going waaaaaay back.
I like beef barley pretty well, but my favorite barley soup may be Turkey Barley Buttermilk, a recipe from the old Diet for a Small Planet cookbook that I've made with numerous variations over the years.
Turkish Barley-Buttermilk Soup
1/4 cup oil
4 large onions, chopped
2 cups barley
10 cups flavored broth (I like best with homemade chicken broh)
4 cups buttermilk or yogurt (both good)
2 tsp dillweed
2 pat or more butter
Saute onions in oil until translucent. Add barley, stir regularly, until you can smell barley toasting and onion is going brown.
Add stock and cook until barley is well done, 45 minutes to an hour. Remove from heat and let cool, then slowly add buttermilk, then dill and butter.
8 servings