The Search for Heroes

whitworth

2nd Lieutenant
Joined
Jun 18, 2005
It seems the search is not about the overall Civil War, but a search for heroes. It seems that the more ancestors who fought in the war, the greater the lineage of the living person.
Of course, not every soldier was a hero. In fact, Robert E. Lee had so much trouble with deserters, are the living going to avoid the fact, that more than a few of the living, had ancestors that actually deserted.
Some look at the time, as some form of perfection. And of course, it was not. Perhaps in their search for perfection, they can avoid some of the real facts.

HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA,
August 17, 1863.
His Excellency JEFFERSON DAVIS,
President of the Confederate States:
Mr. PRESIDENT: The number of desertions from this army is so
great, and still continues to such an extent, that unless some cessa-
tion of them can be caused, I fear success in the field will be endangered.
Immediately on the publication of the amnesty, which I
thought would be beneficial in its effects, many presumed on it, and
absented themselves from their commands, choosing to place on it a;
wrong interpretation. In one corps) the desertions of North Caro-
linians, and, to some extent, of Virginians, has grown to be a very
serious matter. The Virginians go off in many cases to join the
various partisan corps in the State. General Imboden writes that
there are great numbers of deserters in the valley, who conceal
themselves successfully from the small squads sent to arrest them.
Many cross the James River near Balcony Falls, en 'route for the
south, along the mountain ridges. Night before last, 30 went from
one regiment and 18 from another. Great dissatisfaction is reported
among the good men of the army at the apparent impunity of
deserters.
In order to remove all palliation from the offense of desertion, and
as a reward to merit, I have instituted in the army a system of fur-
loughs, which are to be granted, in the most meritorious and urgent
cases, at the rate of one for every 100 men present for duty.
I would now respectfully submit to your excellency the opinion
that all has been done which forbearance and mercy call for, and
that nothing will remedy this great evil which so much endangers
our cause excepting the rigid enforcement of the death penalty in
future in cases of conviction.
I have the honor to be, with great respect, Your Excellency's
obedient servant,
R. E. LEE,
General.
 
A lot of folks want a story with white hats and black hats, or they identify with an ancestor. Or they attribute all sorts of virtues to the generations past they feel are desirable and missing today.

Blessed with ancestors who were mostly petty criminals, incompetents, alcoholics or mentally ill(sadly I do not exaggerate), I tend to disbelieve in "golden ages" while I do admire individuals who seem to rise beyond themselves.
 
Union desertion

In view of the conditions which prevailed in the war department and in the Union army, it is not surprising that desertion was a common fault. Even so the actual extent of it, shown in official reports, comes as a distinct shock. Though the determination of the full number is a bit complicated, the total would have been over 200,000. From New York there were 44,913 deserters according to the records; from Pennsylvania, 24,050; from Ohio, 18,354. The daily hardships of war, deficiency in arms, forced marches sometimes made straggling a necessary for less vigorous men), thirst, suffocating heat, disease, delay in pay, solicitude for family, impatience at the monotony and futility of inactive service, and (though this was not the leading cause) panic on the eve of battle—these were some of the conditioning factors that produced desertion. Many men absented themselves merely through unfamiliarity with military discipline or through the feeling that they should be "restrained by no other legal requirement than those of civil law governing a free people"; and such was a general attitude that desertion was often regarded "more as a refusal… to ratify a contract than as the commission of a grave crime."

To suppress desertion the extreme penalty of death was at times applied, especially after 1863; but this meant no more than the selection of a few men as public examples out of many thousands equally guilty. The commoner method was to make public appeals to deserters, promising pardon in case of voluntary return with dire threats to those who failed to return. That desertion did not prevent a man posing after the war as an honorable soldier is evident by a study of pension records. The laws required honorable discharge as a requisite for a pension; but in the case of those charged with desertion Congress passed numerous private and special acts "correcting" the military record.

Source: J.G. Randall, David Donald, The Civil War and Reconstruction (Boston: D.C. Heath and Company) pp. 329-331

Confederate Desertion

Desertion in the South though less extensive than in the North, was a factor of large significance; and a study of the causes that produced it goes far toward revealing the conditions which made the war intolerable to thousands among people and soldiers. As explained by Miss Ella Lonn, backwoodsmen and crackers were drawn into the army who had no sympathy with slavery and no interest in the issues of a struggle which they did not understand. The conscript net gathered in even Northerners and Mexicans, whose tendency to desert was natural enough. Many of the deserters were mere boys. Poor food and clothing lack of shoes and overcoats, and insufficient pay inevitably produced dissatisfaction. Sometimes the pay was fourteen months behind; Often a soldier on leave could not pay the transportation to return to his command. Unsanitary camp conditions had their debilitating effect. Soldiers kept in unwholesome inaction were more than commonly subject to homesickness and depression. Often the alternative was abandonment and neglect of wife and children or departure from the army – in other words a choice between two kinds of desertion, a dilemma in facing conflicting loyalties. Not a few Southern soldiers found themselves in the situation of an Alabaman who deserted the army when his wife wrote him: "We haven't got nothing in the house to eat but a little bit of meal… I don't want you to stop fighting them Yankees… but try and get off and come home and fix us up some and then you can go back." Some Arkansas soldiers deserted when informed that Indians were on a scalping tour near their homes. Indignant at extortioners and profiteers, soldiers would become disgruntled at the "rich man's war and the poor man's fight." For such men desertion bore no stigma; and, in sum, it appears that this factor (which after all, was but a reflection of many other factors) 'contributed definitely to the Confederate defeats after 1862 and to the catastrophe of 1865."


Ibid. pp. 516-517
 
Lieutenant Colonel Tazewell Lee Hargrove (6 April 1830—16 December 1889)

44th North Carolina Infantry Regiment

Battle of South Anna Bridge, Virginia
26 June 1863

"Confronted by an enemy force of more than a thousand cavalry intent on destroying the four rail road bridges south of Hanover Junction and with only a single company, Company A, at his command, Lieutenant Colonel Hargrove ordered his 64 infantrymen to hold their position near the Virginia Central bridge at all costs. Despite repeated attacks and intense artillery fire, Lieutenant Colonel Hargrove and his men successfully thwarted for several hours all enemy efforts to take the bridge from the south. Aided by the arrival of 40 men of Company G, Hargrove's defenders with stood yet another assault when their rear was suddenly assailed by a flanking force of 400 cavalry. Eventually overrun by a concerted overwhelming attack from all sides, Lieutenant Colonel Hargrove, despite being knocked down and seriously wounded, ordered his men to fight on, the struggle now hand to hand with bayonets, pistols, sabres, and clubbed muskets. Faced with the imminent annihilation finally yielded to vastly superior numbers, yet by his prolonged, determined stand, forced the enemy to withdraw with only one bridge destroyed"
 
Lieutenant Colonel Tazewell Lee Hargrove (6 April 1830—16 December 1889)

44th North Carolina Infantry Regiment

Battle of South Anna Bridge, Virginia
26 June 1863

"Confronted by an enemy force of more than a thousand cavalry intent on destroying the four rail road bridges south of Hanover Junction and with only a single company, Company A, at his command, Lieutenant Colonel Hargrove ordered his 64 infantrymen to hold their position near the Virginia Central bridge at all costs. Despite repeated attacks and intense artillery fire, Lieutenant Colonel Hargrove and his men successfully thwarted for several hours all enemy efforts to take the bridge from the south. Aided by the arrival of 40 men of Company G, Hargrove's defenders with stood yet another assault when their rear was suddenly assailed by a flanking force of 400 cavalry. Eventually overrun by a concerted overwhelming attack from all sides, Lieutenant Colonel Hargrove, despite being knocked down and seriously wounded, ordered his men to fight on, the struggle now hand to hand with bayonets, pistols, sabres, and clubbed muskets. Faced with the imminent annihilation finally yielded to vastly superior numbers, yet by his prolonged, determined stand, forced the enemy to withdraw with only one bridge destroyed"
Do You have an endless storage of these nice stories? Keep´em coming, I sure enjoy reading these! In addition, responging to original post. I think it just fair that people want to see the good in his/her ancestors, and in doing that might compromise the ultimate truth. No one goes to funeral and tells that late person was mean SOB with twisted mentality, even if that was the case.. Normal behavior.
 
DECEMBER 26TH [1864]

...No one doubts the evacuation of Savannah, and I suppose it must be so. Hardee had but 8000 reliable men. The Georgians in Lee's army are more or less demoralized, and a reward of a sixty days' furlough is given for shooting any deserter from our ranks...

Title: A Rebel war clerk's diary at the Confederate States capital. By J. B. Jones.
Author: Jones, J. B. (John Beauchamp), 1810-1866
 
I think a time frame might be good such as early war, late war, or by year. Also, how many listed as "AWOL" came back and were put back into service?
 
I think a time frame might be good such as early war, late war, or by year. Also, how many listed as "AWOL" came back and were put back into service?
I agree with this point as we all know the southern ranks suffered a lot more desertions at the late stages of the war when it was plain to all that the cause was lost and it was just a matter of when.
 
Anyone have any information regarding which armies suffered more desertions? Lee's army in the east or Bragg's army in the west?

I did some googling on that, just for the ANV, and it seems that everywhere I looked I encountered the statement that the records regarding desertion are incomplete or missing, couldn't come up with anything more than vague estimates. I didn't search for stats of desertion for Bragg's AOT.

Henry
 
I posted this on another thread:

I was quite surprised to read in a review of the book, "Bitterly Divided: The South's Inner Civil War" that Southerners deserted the Confederate Army "in droves" and that 300,000 of them joined the Union army.

"Southerners took up arms against each other, engaged in massacres, guerrilla warfare, vigilante justice and lynchings, and deserted in droves from the Confederate army (300,000 men joined the Union forces). Unionist politicians never stopped battling secessionism. Some counties and regions even seceded from the secessionists. Poor whites resented the large slave owners, who had engineered the war but were exempt from the draft."

"Williams marshals abundant evidence to demonstrate that the Confederacy also lost an internal civil war during 1861–65. Slaveholding planters had pushed secession against the wishes of the nonslaveholding majority of white Southerners, who were profoundly skeptical of slavery. Most Southerners looked on the conflict with the North as "a rich man's war and a poor man's fight," especially because owners of 20 or more slaves and all planters and public officials were exempt from military service. The planters' continued raising of cotton and tobacco rather than food for the army; a military draft from 1862 on; skyrocketing taxes; the confiscation of nonplanters' goods for the army—all these and more reinforced the class-based perception of the war. From the outset, desertion from the army was constant, and because deserters were savagely hunted, a new underground railroad arose, bringing deserters north, often to join the ranks of the half-million Union soldiers from the South. The Confederacy lost, it seems, because it was precisely the kind of house divided against itself that Lincoln famously said could not stand. This firm repudiation of the myth of the solid Confederate South is absolutely essential Civil War reading." --Ray Olson


http://www.amazon.com/dp/1595581081/?tag=civilwartalkc-20
 
A lot of that is also documented in books like,

Look Away- William C Davis
The road to disunion volume 2 Secessionists triumphant- William Freehling
Confederate Reckoning- Stephanie McCurry
 
Do You have an endless storage of these nice stories? Keep´em coming, I sure enjoy reading these! In addition, responging to original post. I think it just fair that people want to see the good in his/her ancestors, and in doing that might compromise the ultimate truth. No one goes to funeral and tells that late person was mean SOB with twisted mentality, even if that was the case.. Normal behavior.



Private James Keelan
Thomas Legion, CSA
Skirmish at Strawberry Plains Tennessee
8 November 1861

'With instructions to guard the railroad bridge at Strawberry Plains against all marauders, Private Keelan single handedly defended his post against an overwhelming enemy force intent on burning the bridge. Armed with but a single shot pistol and a Bowie knife, Private Keelan killed the first sapper at point blank range. In the desperate hand to hand fight that followed, private Keelan was shot the left elbow, the right arm and the right hip, suffered three sabre cuts to the neck and scalp, and had his left hand severed at the wrist. Despite these wounds, private Keelan slashed to death two of his attackers and seriously wounded an undetermined number of the enemy before they fled the bridge."

http://thomaslegion.net/jameskeelan.html

GG Grandfather John M. Carlisle -- Chaplain 7th SC Inf.
GG Uncle James H. Carlisle – signer of SC Ordinance of Secession
G Grandfather Nathaniel L. McCormick—Private, Battery E 40th [3rd] N C Artillery
G Grandfather Thomas M. Bolton – Private, Co. G 19th Va. Inf.
G Uncle Dougald McCormick--Private Co. D 46th NC Inf.
G Uncle Duncan McCormick – Private, NC Home Guard
G Uncle Alexander Mc Cormick –1st Sgt, Co. B 6th Ms Inf.
G Uncle Murdoch McCormick—Private, Ms Home Guard
G Uncle James W. Bolton – Private, Co. B (Rives) Nelson Light Artillery (Va.), 1864 Co. G, 19th Va. Inf.
G Uncle Albert G. Bolton – Private, Co. F 27th Va. Inf.
G Uncle Alexander H. Bolton – Private, Co. D 7th Va. Inf.
G Uncle Lindsey C. Bolton – Private, Co. B. 1st Va. Reserves
G Uncle Thomas D. Boone – Captain,. Co. F 1st NC Inf.
G. Uncle James D. Boone -- Quartermaster sergeant, Co. F 1st NC Inf.
G Uncle John W. Boone -- Private, Co. D 59th (4th Cav.) NC, 1st NC Inf. Co. F
G Uncle Peter Lindsey Breeden—Captain, Co. E, 4th SC Cav.
G Uncle A.J. Breeden – Private, Co. E. 4th SC Cav.
Cousins –Daniel McKinnon, Luther McKinnon, John N. McKinnon, McKay McKinnon, Murdoch McKinnon -- all privates in Company E 40th (3rd) NC artillery [heavy]
 
Private James Keelan
Thomas Legion, CSA
Skirmish at Strawberry Plains Tennessee
8 November 1861

'With instructions to guard the railroad bridge at Strawberry Plains against all marauders, Private Keelan single handedly defended his post against an overwhelming enemy force intent on burning the bridge. Armed with but a single shot pistol and a Bowie knife, Private Keelan killed the first sapper at point blank range. In the desperate hand to hand fight that followed, private Keelan was shot the left elbow, the right arm and the right hip, suffered three sabre cuts to the neck and scalp, and had his left hand severed at the wrist. Despite these wounds, private Keelan slashed to death two of his attackers and seriously wounded an undetermined number of the enemy before they fled the bridge."
Picture under this post is one of our heroes from Finnish War in 1808-1809, Sven Tuuva, who was simple man but had heart on right place. He played, according to our national poet Johan Ludvig Runebergs book The Tales of Ensign Stål, vital role in Battle of Koljonvirta, where 1800 Finnish troops repulsed 8000 Russians. Because of Russian surprise attack one hour before cease fire was suppose to end (though Russian claim that it was because their clocks were on Moscow Time) situation was very bad for Finns, under Colonel Johan August Sandels (The guy in my Avatar) cause Russians were storming over the only nearby bridge over the creek called Koljonvirta. Walking nearby Sven Tuuva saw that situation, alerted the Finns with warning shot and using his musket as a club charged the bridge alone. He managed to halt the advance few very important moments, and "threw tens of Russians in to water" before was overwhelmed, but just enough for Finns to form a line of battle for counterattack. With thousand Russians on our side of the bridge, Finns charged them with fury, since they thought Russians to be brokers of ceasefire, and drove the Russians in to water. 700 of them never returned the other side, and overall Russian casualties was over thousand men. 300 Finns died in the battle, Sven Tuuva with them. He received military burial with full military honors, and his last words is said to be "Did they get across?"

This one is most certainly dramatization of events, but still nice read and has some similarities with private James Keelan story that You posted thats why I posted it here :)
200px-Albert_Edelfelt_-_Sven_Duva.jpg
 
Private Samuel Davis
Coleman's Scouts, C.S.A.
Pulaski, Tennessee
27 November 1863

"Captured and found to possess documents detailing the plans and troop disposition of the enemy, Private Davis refused to identify his informants in exchange for his freedom. Summarily tried and convicted as a spy before a military court martial. Private Davis was sentence to death by hanging. While imprisoned, he was offered his life if he cooperated with the enemy, but again, Private Davis steadfastly rejected his captors. On the day of his execution, movements before the rope was placed around his neck, Private Davis heard one last offer from an enemy agent who informed him that, 'it is not too late yet'. Turning to his executioners, he answered: do you suppose I would betray a friend? No sir, I would die a thousand deaths first!"

Source: Gregg S. Clemmer, Valor in Gray, The Recipients of the Confederate Medal of Honor, p.9

"To you, Sons of Confederate Veterans, we submit the vindication of the Cause for which we fought; to your strength will be given the defense of the Confederate soldier's good name, the guardianship of his history, the emulation of his virtues, the perpetuation of those principles he loved and which made him glorious and which you also cherish. Remember, it is your duty to see that the true history of the South is presented to future generations."

Lt. Gen. Stephen D. Lee, Commander General, United Confederate Veterans, 1906
 
Reb,
There were no Confederate Medals of Honor issued during the War Between the States despite the countless number of heroic deeds committed by numerous Confederate soldiers. On August 23, 1862, William Porcher Miles of SC, a member of the Confederate Congress, 9introduced a bill authorizing medals for courage and good conduct on the field of battle. On October 10, 1862, the Confederate Congress passed the act authorizing medals and badges of distinction for courage and good conduct on the field of battle. It was passed into law later the same day when President Jefferson Davis signed the act. Due to the war, no medals were issued. There was, however, a Confederate Roll of Honor which recognized a small portion of these Confederate Soldiers and their deeds.

The highest award presented by the Sons of Confederate Veterans is the Confederate Medal of Honor. John Amasa May (of Aiken South Carolina) past Commander -in -Chief of the SCV 1964-1966, made the resolution to re-establish the medal. The SCV approved the resolution and the Confederate Medal of Honor wads re-established on August 16, 1968 in Nashville at their annual convention. However, the first one was not awarded until 1977. John Amasa May had died in 1976 so did not see the first medal issued.

http://www.scscv.com/publications/Medal_of_Honor_writeup.pdf
 

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