Sara Robinson, Kansan

What I find from women's diaries and journals, JPK, is that they often give a different 'snapshot' of the daily happenings of the era, that we often don't get in the larger histories. We hear about Bleeding Kansas and how John Brown killed 5 people with a broad sword, but not the details about the killings, threats, conflicts that erupted all the time in early Kansas.

According to the Kansas historians, Sarah Robinson didn't like John Brown and saw him as a "murderer and a stain on
Kansas's reputation." (http://www.civilwaronthewesternborder.org/content/robinson-sara)

She felt that some were trying to rewrite the history of early Kansas and spent the last years of her life trying to honor her version, one which didn't feature John Brown. One of the authors writing about the Civil War on the Missouri-Kansas border says that in the region the Civil War came early and stayed late. I think the details from Sarah Robinson's work give us an indication of how much that was true. Robinson had a view from one side, just as the Confederate sympathizing women's diaries from Missouri show a different side. But, what I think they demonstrate most is how everyday the level of conflict and violence had become in their regions.

While this shows the state of things in the Missouri border, outrage and pillage were already committed by the ruffians arrived in the territory. As a party of free-state men, on the fifteenth of May, were quietly at work in a field in Benicia, a little town about eight miles from Lawrence, unarmed, they were suddenly surrounded by twenty-five Missourians, wholly armed, who, without any warrant or authority, took them prisoners. They carried them into a neighboring cabin, and, with many threats of instant death, ordered them to leave Kansas. "G--d d--n you, if you are ever caught here again you shall be strung up! Go to Nebraska, d--n you! You have no right in Kansas!" was the language of the ruffians. "We are coming to Lawrence in a few days, to wipe out the d--d abolition city, and to kill or drive off every one of the inhabitants," was the finale of all their threats. All the prisoners except a Mr. S., of Worcester, Mass, were soon released. He had answered them like a man, and was reserved for further punishment. The following is the speech of Major Herbert, the leader of the ruffians:
 
Topeka-1856-KHS.jpg


A drawing of Topeka, Kansas in 1856. The Constitution Hall is on the left.
 
Sara spoke of her husband Charles returning home after several months of incarceration. From what I can tell, they were kept in prison tents in Lecompton.

On the afternoon of the 10th September, just four months from the day my husband was taken prisoner, and nearly four months since the arrest of the others, the tents on "Traitor Avenue" were struck. Three wagons were filled with the furniture and valuables of the prisoners.

While all were getting ready, a party of us rode into Lecompton. It is a little town down in the ravines. The air was hot and stifling, and we wondered any one should locate a town there, when the breezes on the high grounds are so fresh and invigorating. There were two or three tents still standing, the remnant of the invaders' camp. Everything was quiet, and perfectly dull. With two carriages of gentlemen, which came from Lawrence in the morning to attend the court, the ambulance, and two others under military escort, we left for Lawrence. Within a mile of the town, the "Stubs" were waiting to welcome us. Soon after, we were met by Gen. Lane and his staff, who led the way into Massachusetts-street, where crowd of people had gathered to greet their long-absent townsmen. Ch. 23.


00053495.jpg

General James H. Lane escorting the legislature to Lecompton,
copied from the Life of Gen. James H. Lane by John Speer.
http://www.kansasmemory.org/item/208743
 
This is from a letter written by Sara to husband Charles, January 5, 1858:

As for the prospects politically now, I am not enough of a seer to foretell. Yesterday was the Election day. Many thought it best to go into the Election & vote down the Lecompton Constitution. Charles thought the wisest course, & in fact the only one which promised victory to the Free State men. A little clique has sprung up in Lawrence who think differently & by a [trick?] at the time of the Convention they carried the no voting policy, not however by a majority of the votes. But the people in the Territory were bent upon voting, & it is probable that a good vote will be returned, though quite probably not as large as the other party may bring in through frauds. We are always on the eve of a crisis, so of course we are now. Friends in Washington think the Lecompton Constitution will not be accepted, that the President will waver in his determination through fear. We hope as much -- yes -- the Free State Party will be prepared for anything.

d00000288.jpg


A ballot box from the Kansas elections of the 1850s settling Free-State or Pro-Slavery
 
Charles Robinson served as Governor of Kansas from 1861 to 1863. Sara was among those who survived the Quantrill Raid of 1863. She and Charles were living at the time on Massachusetts Ave., which was the main street in the downtown, though their barn was on Mt. Oread. She wrote about the raid in a work called Personal recollections of Mrs. Sara T.D. Robinson of the Quantrell Raid of Aug. 21, 1863, which is not available online.

This description is from Sara in 1861, writing about women working in what seems to have been their own small munitions factory, which was located next to the Eldridge House Hotel (colored in on the map). I've included a map which shows the location of the Eldridge House and downtown Lawrence, along with Mt. Oread and the first building of the University of Kansas. Charles and Sara lived out their lives on property west of Lawrence, which would be at the top right hand corner of the map.
lawrence kansas.jpg


Yesterday, two of our ladies went out some ten miles, and brought in two kegs of powder. Daily and nightly the ladies meet there, in the one room, with its loose, open floor, through which the wind creeps, to make cartridges, their nimble fingers keeping time with each heartbeat for freedom, enthusiastic are they in aiding the defense.
 
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I mentioned above that Sara Robinson wrote an account of the 1863 raid on Lawrence by Quantrill, but it isn't available online. Mary Cantrell Tuttle's family had come from Missouri as anti-slavery settlers and settled near Baldwin City, south of Lawrence, in 1855. Her father was killed after a trip back to Missouri when he had placed a sheet that said, "Free State" on his wagon. Pro-slavery forces threatened to kill him if it took 20 years and her father slept in the woods occasionally, until he was caught one day and shot. Mary's mother couldn't take care of all her kids and some were sent to live with other families. This is from a letter that she wrote to the Lawrence newspaper about the 1863 raid.

cantrell.jpg


Mary Cantrell Tuttle

"Now I will go back to 1863. At that time G.W.E. Griffith speaks of, I was living for a time at the Old Eggert place, southeast of Lawrence, about four miles. We were all getting up from a good night's sleep and before we got our shoes on, we heard the awful shooting toward Lawrence. Mrs. Eggert said, "Quantrill is in Lawrence." I can't remember that we ever had breakfast that morning or not. We were thinking what to do. Mrs. Eggert thought we better carry the valuables out and hide them in the grass and wherever we could. So we went to work as fast as we could, for we were afraid they would come out our way and burn the house. But they went the other way, so we were peaceful and safe. The next day, we went to see the awful sight. It was indeed awful to see our quiet little Lawrence in such a condition and the poor mortals that were taken and killed, all so suddenly, and no help to save. It was a time that will never be forgotten. I went into a church and it was full of the dead. Their faces were almost black, so dark one could not tell who they were. Women and girls crying, going about uncovering the faces, to see if any of their dear ones was among them. "

http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~nwa/cantrell.html
 
Ah HA. Been thinking about this thread. Grgrgrandfather, 126th OVI vet settled in Kansas immediately post war. I've always wondered why and still have no answer. Family at least had the ' wherewithal ' to pick and choose, why on Earth Kansas?

Word pictures here and picture-pictures are the best eye witness accounts I've ever come across- and please no one do the John Brown/They Did It To torque? Women had an awful war, some worse than others and all a part of our story.
 
Kansas was part of the Homestead Act of 1862, where settlers could acquire 160 acres for only a small registration fee. They had to live on the land for 5 years, build a residence and grow crops. They could then acquire the deed for the property.

Veterans could file for the deed after only one year of residency. According to this news article, it isn't known exactly how many Civil War veterans relocated to Kansas, but for certain, it was a Union friendly place for those who did. Kansas became known as The Veterans State. Both of my husband's great grandfathers had served in the Civil War and then moved to Kansas, one from Pennsylvania and the other had come from Ireland.

Perhaps for those who weren't ready to settle back into their regular, routine lives, Kansas was a place they could develop new lives, new adventures among people who understood them.

 
Here's a photo of Sara as an older woman. Found a fascinating detail, that she and husband Charles were in conflict over the role of John Brown in Kansas and that she agreed to pay Hill Peebles Wilson for a book the was critical of John Brown. Wilson did publish John Brown, Soldier of Fortune: A Critique (Lawerence, KS: 1913), but that would have been after her death in 1912.

300px-Sara_Tappan_Doolittle_Robinson.png

Image from Wikimedia
 
Women had an awful war, some worse than others and all a part of our story.

As someone said, the war in Kansas came early and stayed late.

Here's an 1850s map from the Library of Congress collection that gives an idea of what the Kansas abolitionists were thinking about.


Reynoldss_Political_Map_of_the_United_States_1856-1024x929.jpg
 
Excellent thread! I'm very glad I clicked in this morning and found it. I must have completely missed it in 2016.
 

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