Repeating Rifles at Franklin

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The 28th Kentucky Infantry U.S. was armed with Spencer Repeating Rifles at Franklin. They were posted a mile out in front of the main line as part of Wagner's brigade. Due to orders from a drunkard, the 28th had to skeedadle back to safety ahead of the rampaging rebels.
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When the section of the works that ran through the Carter family garden was excavated in 2010, a large number of Spencer shell casings were found.

That was a surprise because the Illinois regiment assigned to that stretch of line did not have Spencer's. Apparently the men of the 28th KY had scrambled into the works near the Carter House & fought from there.

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Judging by the number of spent & dropped bullets, the ten shots / minute of the Spencers contributed greatly to the Illinois 3 shots / minute loading in nine times defense of the works.
 
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A detachment of Capt. William Young's 27th Illinois, acting as skirmishers for Conrad's forward placed brigade, were armed with Henry repeating rifles. (see 'For Cause & For Country' by Eric Jacobson, at p, 228).

In Casement's brigade, two regiments, being the 65th Indiana and the 65th Illinois, were partially armed with Henry repeating rifles. (Co. A of the 65th Indiana were entirely armed with these repeating weapons). (See 'CV': Vol. XI, at p. 167). These regiments were positioned in the main Federal line, east of the cotton gin, which was east of the Columbia Pike. The rate of fire unleashed from these regiments largely contributed to the annihilation of Cockrell's assaulting Missouri brigade. Cockerill's brigade suffered 60% casualties (419 out of 696 men) – the largest loss of any Confederate brigade in the battle. (see Jacobson, op. cit., p.290, p.292).
 
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Also. In Reilly's brigade, two companies of Rosseau's 12th Kentucky (Union), initially held in reserve behind the main Union line, were armed with Colt revolving rifles. Both these companies rushed forward to meet assaulting Confederates that pierced a hole in the center of the Federal line between the cotton gin and the Columbia Pike. At almost point blank range, they poured shots on the Confederates, inflicting heavy losses upon them. (See 'For Cause & For Country', by Eric Jacobson, at page 329).
 
Also. In Reilly's brigade, two companies of Rosseau's 12th Kentucky (Union), initially held in reserve behind the main Union line, were armed with Colt revolving rifles. Both these companies rushed forward to meet assaulting Confederates that pierced a hole in the center of the Federal line between the cotton gin and the Columbia Pike. At almost point blank range, they poured shots on the Confederates, inflicting heavy losses upon them. (See 'For Cause & For Country', by Eric Jacobson, at page 329).

That is really interesting. I hadn't realized that Colt Rifles were still in use that late in the war. At Chickamauga the Colts had been very effective. However, as you would imagine, they were clumsy to reload. Spilled powder had a nasty habit of cooking off & burning the shooter.
 
That is really interesting. I hadn't realized that Colt Rifles were still in use that late in the war.

Despite its shortcomings and fading popularity, the Colt five-shot revolving rifle was still in field use by the Union Army in 1864 and beyond.

During the Atlanta Campaign there were apparently 200 Colt rifles in Sherman's command. (The 12th Kentucky Infantry in Schofield's Army had 112 Colt rifles in June, '64).

In the latter half of 1864, the 3rd Massachusetts Heavy Artillery that served in the defenses around Washington, were issued with 120 Colt revolving rifles. Also, one cavalry regiment, the 1st Mississippi (US) Mounted Rifles, reportedly carried 168 Colt rifles as late as January, 1865
 
How many units at Franklin were equipped with repeating rifles? Mainly asking for infantry but cavalry too (though I imagine they'd be equipped with carbine variants). I have heard that the XXIII Corps had a few units armed with Spencers and Henrys.
Just realized I posted this in Eastern Theater instead of Western. I'll get it moved hold on
 
Despite its shortcomings and fading popularity, the Colt five-shot revolving rifle was still in field use by the Union Army in 1864 and beyond.

During the Atlanta Campaign there were apparently 200 Colt rifles in Sherman's command. (The 12th Kentucky Infantry in Schofield's Army had 112 Colt rifles in June, '64).

In the latter half of 1864, the 3rd Massachusetts Heavy Artillery that served in the defenses around Washington, were issued with 120 Colt revolving rifles. Also, one cavalry regiment, the 1st Mississippi (US) Mounted Rifles, reportedly carried 168 Colt rifles as late as January, 1865

It is about the only CW long gun haven't fired. A late friend had one, but he wouldn't even shoot blanks in it.
 
One of the favorite items in my collection is a Spencer Rifle used by two soldiers in the 28th Kentucky; the second user bought it using some of his discharge pay.
Does anyone know when the 28th Kentucky received their Spencer rifles?
 
One of the favorite items in my collection is a Spencer Rifle used by two soldiers in the 28th Kentucky; the second user bought it using some of his discharge pay.
Does anyone know when the 28th Kentucky received their Spencer rifles?

If your Spencer's firing pin leaves a recognizable mark on the cartridge it is possible to identify ones found in 2010. It isn't a big deal, but would be very satisfying.
 
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The 28th Kentucky fought from the earth work that ran along the gravel path in the foreground of this photo. If you are not familiar with the Carter house, look carefully at the brick smokehouse. It is pockmarked with the fire from the attackers. What it does not show are the wooly mammoths that played a decisive part in defeating the Army of Tennessee's attack.

The acacia tree in Africa is festooned with clusters of long needle sharp spikes. The sweet sap of the acacia bark draws elephants like bees to honey. In Tennessee sweet gum, Kentucky coffee, Osage orange trees all share the vicious needles today. The woolly mammoths that shared their modern African cousin's sweet tooth have been gone for 10,000 years.

The lane running along the base of the hill on which the Carter house stands was lined with fence posts. Each of them had sprouted into a living tree covered with bright, smooth black spikes. Schofield's men cut down the trees with the tops pointing out toward the gathering Southern soldiers. Imagine the shock the attackers felt when confronted with an impenetrable thicket sprouting bouquets of needles that would fend off a wooly mammoth.

Men who walked the battlefield noted that extending out from the works were parallel lines, something like an enormous zen garden, across acres of fields. Closer in toward the lane, the ground was littered with shiny black shards. They sparkled in the pale winter sunlight. The shiny black spikes had been shattered like glass & flung into the faces of the attackers by the fire of the 28th Kentucky's Spencer Repeaters.

Wooly Mammoths & Spencer Repeater teamed up to defeat Hood… Go figure that one.
 
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View attachment 505261
The 28th Kentucky fought from the earth work that ran along the gravel path in the foreground of this photo. If you are not familiar with the Carter house, look carefully at the brick smokehouse. It is pockmarked with the fire from the attackers. What it does not show are the wooly mammoths that played a decisive part in defeating the Army of Tennessee's attack.

The acacia tree in Africa is festooned with clusters of long needle sharp spikes. The sweet sap of the acacia bark draws elephants like bees to honey. In Tennessee sweet gum, Kentucky coffee, Osage orange trees all share the vicious needles today. The woolly mammoths that shared their modern African cousin's sweet tooth have been gone for 10,000 years.

The lane running along the base of the hill on which the Carter house stands was lined with fence posts. Each of them had sprouted into a living tree covered with bright, smooth black spikes. Schofield's men cut down the trees with the tops pointing out toward the gathering Southern soldiers. Imagine the shock the attackers felt when confronted with an impenetrable thicket sprouting bouquets of needles that would fend off a wooly mammoth.

Men who walked the battlefield noted that extending out from the works were parallel lines, something like an enormous zen garden, across acres of fields. Closer in toward the lane, the ground was littered with shiny black shards. They sparkled in the pale winter sunlight. The shiny black spikes had been shattered like glass & flung into the faces of the attackers by the fire of the 28th Kentucky's Spencer Repeaters.

Wooly Mammoths & Spencer Repeater teamed up to defeat Hood… Go figure that one.
I'm an Ohio farm boy, and familiar with all those trees you mentioned the osage orange tree the black locust tree and the honey locust tree, and their thorns, which are very different in size and shape and color.

The Kentucky Coffee Tree has large seed pods. They are not eaten by animals, and I have read Native Americans could mash green pods, and throw them into water to poison / stun fish so they could be collected when floated to the surface. It is good fence post material, but seldom has any thorns, and if any, they are small.

It is related to the black locust, still a favorite for fence posts. It won't rot, and so lasts for decades. If recently cut lengths are set in the ground as posts, they will sprout and grow into a tree. Short thorns sprout along the branches and they are not black. Older trees sometimes have no thorns. These also have large seed pods.

The honey locust also has those seed pods. But it is the tree that grows long, long thorns along the trunk in large clusters. Honey Locusts have thorns on all the branches, too, longer than the black locust thorns.

I will attach a photo of thorns on the trunk of a Tennessee honey locust - I bet the honey locusts were the source of those black shiny black thorns littering the ground!

Osage orange thorns alternate along the branches, not too large, and are the same yellowish brown color as the bark of the tree. The osage orange will grown into large trees, but if kept pruned will make a hedge that would hold livestock - I've seen one at Slate Run historic farm near Circleville, Ohio so thick and thorny I think would even turn a coyote or a large cat! The wood won't rot, but is so hard to cut I've never seen it used as fence posts.

I suspect those tree barriers were a mixture of osage orange hedge, and honey locust trees with their huge thorns!

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That would be interesting, wouldn't it?

There is a highly regarded forensics program at Middle TN State University here in Murfreesboro. I have become aware of the techniques used to analyze the Little Bighorn battlefield. One of the fundamental data points is the marks left by firing pins.

Using that data it has been possible to map the movements of individual warriors & troopers.

Knowing what weapon was fired from where, it is possible to mark out where they were aimed & to my mind, via DNA on the bullet who was hit.

Anyways, you have a 28th KY Spencer. Maybe a match could be made, worth thinking about ¿no?
 
My Spencer was reported as in Company H of the 28th Kentucky, first the rifle of Private Andrew Casteel, and when Casteel's enlistment expired in May of 1865, it went to Sgt. Thomas Mann who carried it during occupation duty in Texas, and bought it for $10 with his enlistment ended December, 1866 at Victoria, Texas.
 
I have held the strong notion that repeating rifles spelled doom for the Confederates. That's another overwhelming advantage the Yanks didn't even need.
 
There is a highly regarded forensics program at Middle TN State University here in Murfreesboro. I have become aware of the techniques used to analyze the Little Bighorn battlefield. One of the fundamental data points is the marks left by firing pins.

Using that data it has been possible to map the movements of individual warriors & troopers.

Knowing what weapon was fired from where, it is possible to mark out where they were aimed & to my mind, via DNA on the bullet who was hit.

Anyways, you have a 28th KY Spencer. Maybe a match could be made, worth thinking about ¿no?
They did a battlefield detectives on this point and I loved it.

Has anyone ever tried to 23 and me a civil war ball? That would be fascinating.
 

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