In 1861, in the small hamlet of Town Line in upstate
New York, 125 voters met and voted 85 to 40 to secede from the
Union and join the
Confederate States of America. The reasons are unclear, but an article in
The Buffalo News from 1945 cites discontent with President
Lincoln, treatment of Confederate soldiers at a POW camp in
Elmira, dissatisfaction of German immigrants with being subject to conscription or war, the interest of self rule or perhaps an incident by some runaway slaves at a local
underground railroad stop. It was also reported that Town Line sent five men through the Union lines to fight for the Confederate States under General
Robert E. Lee. (However, this was dwarfed by the twenty people from the town who signed up for the Union Army.)
During the
American Civil War, as casualties on both sides increased and the nature of the Civil War changed, the secession vote was slowly forgotten by members of the community but never revoked. There are conflicting reports on whether or not the hamlet was paying taxes as late as the 1920s. During World War II, it was discovered that Town Line had not rejoined the Union, effectively having
extended the Civil War by diplomatic irregularity for eighty years. On January 26, 1946, after significant pressure and accusations of racism, Town Line voted to officially join the Union. In recognition of the hamlet's history, the local volunteer fire company has the words "
Last of the Rebels" on their shoulder patch.
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