General Edward Johnson Visits the Front

Tom Elmore

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Major General Edward Johnson finds Walker's brigade idle and directs it back into immediate action on his right, then issues orders for Steuart's brigade to extend southward and attack on his left. Candy's 7th Ohio moves into the entrenchments, replacing Greene's 149th New York, which falls back behind the left wing of 1st Maryland Potomac Home Brigade. The left wing of 1st Maryland Eastern Shore advances to relieve Greene's 78th and 102nd New York. Map reflects the situation at 9:45 a.m., July 3.

"I was ordered by [Major] General [Edward] Johnson to move more to the right, and renew the attack" – Brigadier General James A. Walker.

"We were out twenty minutes, when our division commander, General Ed Johnson, came along. 'What brigade is this?' 'Stonewall, sir.' 'Where is your commander!' 'What in the ---- are you doing here?' Gen. Walker, who stood a short distance away, was pointed out to him. For a moment they converse in earnest manner, and then we are ordered to march by the right flank" – 1st Sergeant Charles A. Rollins, Company H, 27th Virginia.

"Then came [Lieutenant] General [Richard S.] Ewell's order to assume the offensive and assail the crest of Culp's Hill … Both General [George H.] Steuart and General [Junius] Daniel … strongly disapproved of making the assault" – 1st Lieutenant Randolph H. McKim, Aide-de-camp on the staff of Brigadier General George H. Steuart.

"About 10 a.m. I was ordered to deploy my regiment as skirmishers in front of the works and clear the woods on our left of the enemy's skirmishers" – Colonel Edward T. H. Warren, 10th Virginia.

"As we took our places in the ranks, [Corporal Charles] Carroll [of Company D] being a tall man, his head showed above the elevation in our front, and no sooner had he straightened up than a ball struck him, and he was dead before he fell to the ground" – Private Sherman R. Norris, Company D, 7th Ohio.

"The 149th … standing in line with fixed bayonets to prevent the [1st Maryland Potomac Home Brigade] from gigging a second time" – 1st Lieutenant George K. Collins, Company I, 149th New York.

"Five [companies] under my own immediate supervision, moved directly to the front. … In crossing the open space between the hill and the breastworks, we lost 1 man only, though the fire upon us was severe. … Upon reaching the brow of the hill, the five companies halted for an instant upon the discovery of the enemy … and then delivered a very effective volley over the heads of the men occupying the position we were ordered to relieve. The officer in command of the men in the breastworks, supposing we were firing into his command, requested that the fire should cease. That volley, however, with the fire from the regiment in the works, effectually checked all further advance of the enemy" – Colonel James Wallace, 1st Maryland Eastern Shore.

"After a personal reconnaissance by [Brigadier] General [John W.] Geary and the brigade commander [Shaler], the One Hundred and twenty-second New York, Colonel [Silas] Titus commanding, was directed to relieve the One Hundred and eleventh Pennsylvania" – Brigadier General Alexander Shaler.

Sources:
-Official reports of Brig. Gen. J. A. Walker, Col. Jas. Wallace.
-A Private's Story, What He Saw at Gettysburg, by Charles A. Rollins, July 26, 1888, Lexington Gazette and Citizen.
-A Soldier's Recollections, by Randolph H. McKim, New York, NY: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1911, p. 203.
-Report of Col. Edward Tiffin Harrison Warren, Supplement to the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, ed. by Janet B. Hewett, Wilmington, DE: Broadfoot Publishing Company.
-Ohio at Gettysburg, by S. R. Norris, National Tribune, June 9, 1887, p. 2.
-Memoirs of the 149th Regt. N.Y. Vol. Inft., by Capt. Geo. K. Collins, reprint, Hamilton, NY: Edmonston Publishing, Inc., 1995, p. 143.
-Oration by Brevet Maj. Gen. Alexander Shaler, Pennsylvania at Gettysburg, I:188.
Culp'sHill3July0945.jpg
 
McKim's statement that Steuart and Daniel disapproved of Johnsons's order is interesting. Is there any confirmation of McKim's comment from any of the principals?
 
Here's another source (Steuart's AAG) that will appear tomorrow:

"Capt. Geo. Williamson (Adjt. Gen'l. of the brigade) … directed me to move my command [into an action position] ... told the captain 'I considered it murder, and therefore would take my men in under protest.' 'The General [Steuart] has expressed the same opinion sir; but the order comes from one higher than he, and is peremptory' was his reply" – Major William W. Goldsborough, 1st Maryland Battalion (CSA).

McKim indicates it was actually Ewell who pressed Johnson to "light a fire" under his men, and I was wondering: Why the sudden urgency at mid-morning? Was Ewell still expecting an imminent attack by Longstreet?
 
Here's another source (Steuart's AAG) that will appear tomorrow:

"Capt. Geo. Williamson (Adjt. Gen'l. of the brigade) … directed me to move my command [into an action position] ... told the captain 'I considered it murder, and therefore would take my men in under protest.' 'The General [Steuart] has expressed the same opinion sir; but the order comes from one higher than he, and is peremptory' was his reply" – Major William W. Goldsborough, 1st Maryland Battalion (CSA).

McKim indicates it was actually Ewell who pressed Johnson to "light a fire" under his men, and I was wondering: Why the sudden urgency at mid-morning? Was Ewell still expecting an imminent attack by Longstreet?

It could be that Ewell was trying to salvage a situation that was slipping from his hands. An aggressive action to break up a stalemate that looked poorly is right out of the Jackson and his subordinates' playbook.

Ryan
 

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