You have defined the difference between a citizen & a subject.
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For centuries the Janissaries of the Ottoman Empire were elite soldiers. Their compound bows had an extreme range of (+/-) 900 yards. To achieve a measured 924 yard /845 meter shot an overdraw tool called a "siper" was used.
The Janissaries were the conscripted children of Christians from the Balkan provinces. From the 14th Century to 1826 they were personal slaves of the Sultan. They were leaders in the adoption of firearms. The monastic life & discipline imposed on the Janissaries led to a highly effective military force.
This is a case where a soldier's existence was defined as a creature of the state.
In the Sixties, when young men of my cohort were torn between loyalty to country & personal moral imperatives. It was not a theoretical exercise. It was literally answering the question, "Do I get onto the bus or do I not? Board the bus to Fort Campbell & then a flight to Viet Nam or do I not?"
As we now know, that war was as deadly as it was futile. I have sat around a fire while friends who did & did not get on that bus talk out their conclusions. Mine is that it took courage to get on & courage to not to.