Uniforms Bell crown shakos.

major bill

Brev. Brig. Gen'l
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Aug 25, 2012
By the start of the Civil War bell crown shakos which had been popular with militia companies in the late 1840s and early 1850s was considered no longer fashionable. I was wondering is some older bell crown shakos were brought out of storage and issued to militia companies at the start of the Civil War. I do not believe I have seen a Civil War photo of a unit wearing these.


Odd when I posted the link it inserted the image. Anyway the image came from pinterest.
 
I rather doubt that very many bell crown shakos would have seen service during the Civil War as their heyday was actually earlier than you indicated. They were popular during the 1825-1835 period, at the end of which time they were being replaced by the tall cylindrical shakos based upon the army's 1833 pattern. By the 1840's this style, often cardboard covered with leather or tarred, was quite popular with militia units. This example from my collection was worn by a member of the Fitchburg Fusiliers in 1844.

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Yes, the bell-crown shako was much more of an 1820s-era thing... The hat at the auction house has a shako plate national eagle from the 1820s on it... Although presumably these were used as surplus when the slightly smaller eagle facing to the wearer's left rather than the right like on the 1820s U.S. eagle.

The bell-crown shako was a big deal in many European armies too... Including the British and the Swedish among others. It was hot and uncomfortable, so it was supplemented by a forage cap or fatigue cap of some kind. In the United States, the rather Prussian-looking pin-wheel Model 1825 "chako" or fatigue hat was adopted. It was relatively cheap, had a leather brim or visor, and piece of wire to hold the shape of the crown. It had an arm of service button on the top of the crown--white metal for infantry, brass for others like artillery and so on. Also the piping on the head-band was white or yellow. It is a rather comical looking hat, frankly. When shakos became more stove-pipe shaped again, the idea arose to replace the 1825 cap with the hideous 1833 folding leather shako or "hog killer." Because it was supposed to made of specific kinds of leather, it was to be both cheap and long-wearing, lasting up to five years if not more. It was the hideous and uncomfortable headgear of the U.S. soldier in the Second Seminole War in Florida, although I suspect many were fed to alligators and did not return... The West Point cadets had them by 1834. Between late 1836 and 1839/1840 some were used by the Texas Republic too. In the United States, the dragoon variant had a little button-up neck-flap, which was missing on the variant worn by infantry and the U.S.M.C. The only decoration was a pair of arm-of-service buttons supporting the chin-strap like a Civil War kepi or bummer and a single letter for the company. Some used by militia sported all sorts of fripperies like plumes and even shako plates.

By the U.S. War with Mexico, the Model 1839 "wheel hat" also often with a folding neck and ear pieces was most often worn, but certainly the leather shako remained the dress hat. I think the frontier experience of U.S. soldiery omitted the wearing of shakos except for parade ground use or fancy marches past and so on. A more pragmatic, practical hat was needed. By the 1850s shakos got smaller, and the British style and French styles proliferated. Some of the 1850s shakos, with the stiffener or wire armature or whatever to hold it up removed look just like a bummer... Somewhat ironically, when the "side cap" or "service cap" or "bonnet de police" came out, it resembled nothing so much as a pared down version of the late 1700s/ early 1900s fatigue hats made of excess uniform sleeve material..
 
By the start of the Civil War bell crown shakos which had been popular with militia companies in the late 1840s and early 1850s was considered no longer fashionable. I was wondering is some older bell crown shakos were brought out of storage and issued to militia companies at the start of the Civil War. I do not believe I have seen a Civil War photo of a unit wearing these.


Odd when I posted the link it inserted the image. Anyway the image came from pinterest.
The predominate shakos of the period just prior to the war, were the M1851 & M1854 specified by the US Army but also in great demand by various state militias. There was also a militia shako that had many variations, but the predominate features, were the recessed patent leather disk on top and the patent leather band around the base. These militia shakos were covered in wool, felt and various furs, beaver being the most often used. Below is a militia shako M1851, of the period that was worn during the Pratt Street riots in Baltimore, by a member of the 6th Massachusetts. The second picture is the basic militia shako that really has no real name or even nomenclature, but was extremely popular at the time, these shakos were never specified for Federal specification or procurement.




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Note that the shako plate on the M1851 is the same article used to support the folded brim on the Model 1858 dress hat or Hardee Hat or Jeff Davis hat... on the left for infantry, and on the right for artillery and cavalry...
The face is exactly the same, but the obverse is quite different, the shako eagle has 2 loops that the pom-pom stem slides into and affixes the eagle to the front of the shako. The Hardee Hat eagle has one loop and then a hook for the brim of the hat.
 

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