Confederate raid in Vermont

[kslocki]

I recently heard about a Confederate raid on St. Albans, Vermont. I was wondering if anyone could tell me if there was a force operating in Canada during the whole war or was this a single action?
Thanks.

 

[M E Wolf]

Kslocki,

I have looked at:

Official Records of the Rebellion

Dyer's Compendium

Southern Historical Society

Confederate Military Histories

and, I find no actions, raids, skirmishes and or battles inside the boarder of the State of Vermont. There are no hits what-so-ever on the specific location of St. Albans, Vermont.
-----------------------------------------------
O.R.--SERIES I--VOLUME XLII/1 [S# 87]
AUGUST 1-DECEMBER 31, 1864.--The Richmond (Virginia) Campaign.
No. 317.--Report of Bvt. Maj. Gen. George Jr. Stannard, U. S. Army, commanding First Division, of operations September 29-30.
SAINT ALBANS, VT., April 18, 1865.
Brig. Gen. L. THOMAS,
Adjutant-General U. S. Army, Washington, D. D.:
SIR: Not having had the opportunity of seeing the report of the major-general commanding the Army of the James of the operations of my division in the battles of September 29 and 30,1864, until a short time since, I deem it but justice to my then command that this, my report, should be placed on file at your office, and I have the honor to ask that it may be so disposed of.
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
GEO. J. STANNARD,
Brevet Major-General of Volunteers.
------------
Manual Search shows this:

O.R.--SERIES I--VOLUME XLIII/1 [S# 91]
CONFEDERATE CORRESPONDENCE, ORDERS, AND RETURNS RELATING SPECIALLY TO OPERATIONS IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA, WEST VIRGINIA, MARYLAND, AND PENNSYLVANIA, SEPTEMBER 1, 1864, TO DECEMBER 31, 1864.--#3
SAINT CATHERINES, CANADA WEST, November 1, 1864.
Hon. J.P. BENJAMIN,
Secretary of State, Richmond, Va.:
SIR: You have doubtless learned, through the press of the United States, of the raid on Saint Albans, Vt., by about twenty-five Confederate soldiers, nearly all of them escaped prisoners, led by Lieut. Bennett H. Young, of their attempt and failure to burn the town, and of the robbery of three banks there of the aggregate amount of about $200,000, of their arrest in Canada by U. S. forces, their commitment, and the pending preliminary trial. There are twelve or fourteen of the twenty-five who have been arrested and who are now in prison at Montreal, where the trial for commitment for extradition is now progressing. A letter from Hon. I. I. N. Abbott, the leading counsel for the prisoners, dated Montreal, 28th of October, says to me:

We (prisoners' counsel) all think it quite clear that the facts will not justify a commitment for extradition under the law as it stands, and we conceive the strength of our position to consist in the documents we hold establishing the authority of the raiders from the C. S. Government. But there is no doubt that this authority might be made more explicit than it is in so far as regards the particular acts complained of, and I presume the Confederate Government will consider it to be their duty to recognize officially the acts of Lieutenant Young and his party, and will find means to convey such recognition to the prisoners here in such a form as can be proven before our courts. If this were accompanied or followed by a demand upon our Government that the prisoners be set at liberty I think a good effect would be produced, although probably the application would not be received by the authorities. There will be at least a fortnight's time, and probably more, expended in the examination of witnesses, so that there will be plenty of time for anything that may be thought advisable to be done in behalf of the prisoners.

I met Mr. Young at Halifax on my way here in May last. He showed me letters from men whom I knew by reputation to be true friends of States' rights, and therefore of Southern independence, vouching for his integrity as a man, his piety as a Christian, and his loyalty as a soldier of the South. After satisfying me that his heart was with us in our struggle, and that he had suffered imprisonment for many months as a soldier of the C. S. Army, from which he had escaped, he developed his plans for retaliating some of the injuries and outrages inflicted upon the South. I thought them feasible and fully warranted by the law of nations, and therefore recommended him and his plans to the Secretary of War. He was sent back by the Secretary of War with a commission as second lieutenant to execute his plans and purposes, but to report to Hon. ---- and myself. We prevented his achieving or attempting what I am sure he could have done, for reasons which may be fully explained hereafter. Finally, disappointed in his original purpose and in all the subsequent enterprises projected, he proposed to return to the Confederate States via Halifax, but passing through the New England States and burning some towns and robbing them of whatever he could convert to the use of the Confederate Government. This I approved as justifiable retaliation. He attempted to burn the town of Saint Albans, Vt., and would have succeeded but for the failure of the chemical preparations with which he was armed. Believing the town was already fired in several places and must be destroyed, he then robbed the banks of all the funds he could find, amounting to more than $200,000.That he was not prompted by selfish or mercenary motives, and that he did not intend to convert the funds taken to his own use, but to that of the Confederate States, I am as well satisfied as I am that he is an honest man, a true soldier, and patriot, and no one who knows him will question his title to this character. He assured me, before going on the raid, that his efforts would be to destroy towns and farm houses, not to plunder or rob, but, he said, if after firing a town he saw he could take funds from a bank or any house which might inflict injury on the enemy and benefit his own Government he would do so. He added most emphatically that whatever he took should be turned over to the Government or its representatives in foreign lands.My instructions to him, oft repeated, were "to destroy whatever was valuable; not to stop to rob, but if, after firing a town, he could seize and carry off money or Treasury or bank notes, he might do so, upon condition that they were delivered to the proper authorities of the Confederate States." That they were not delivered according to his promise and undertaking was owing, I am sure, to the failure of his chemical compound to fire the town, and to the capture of himself and men on Canadian soil, where they were surprised and overpowered by superior numbers from the United States. On showing me his commission and his instructions from Mr. Seddon, which were of course vague and indefinite, he said he was authorized to do all the damage he could to the enemy in the way of retaliation. If this be true it seems to me the C. S. Government should not hesitate to avow his act was fully authorized as warrantable retaliation. If the Government does not assume the responsibility of this raid I think Lieutenant Young and his men will be given up to the U.S. authorities. If so I fear the exasperated and alarmed people of Vermont will exert cruel and summary vengeance upon them before they reach the prison at Saint Albans. The sympathies of nine-tenths of the Canadians are with Young and his men. A majority of all the newspapers justify or excuse his act as merely retaliatory, and they desire only the authority of the C. S. Government for it to refuse their extradition. The refusal of extradition is fully warranted by the like course of the United States in many cases cited lately in the Canadian papers, which I cannot now repeat, but which you can readily find. The refusal of extradition would have a salutary political influence, it is thought, both in the British Provinces and in England. I cannot now explain why. I trust, therefore, for the sake not only of the brave soldiers who attempted this daring exploit (which has caused a panic throughout the United States bordering on Canada and the organization of forces to resist, as well as the arbitrary and tyrannous order of General Dix touching the coming Presidential election), but for the sake of our cause and country, that the President will assume the responsibility of the act of Lieut. Bennett H. Young, and that you will signify it in such form as will
entitle it to admission as evidence in the pending trial. I send the special messenger who bears this, that your answer may be brought back by him within ten days or by 11th instant. The final judgment can and will be postponed for the action of the C. S. Government as long as possible, certainly for ten days.

continued

 

[ole]

It is my understanding that there were agents in Canada. Their effectiveness was, shall we say, limited? They were linked, in my limited knowledge, with the St. Albans raid, the attempt to burn New York and the Lincoln assassination. I say linked because, so far as I can tell, they were eating well and planning big things and actually doing nothing.

 

[bama46]

It is my understanding that there were agents in Canada. Their effectiveness was, shall we say, limited? They were linked, in my limited knowledge, with the St. Albans raid, the attempt to burn New York and the Lincoln assassination. I say linked because, so far as I can tell, they were eating well and planning big things and actually doing nothing.

I think you will agree that is a pretty tenuous link. One would have to really stretch to say they were part of the consiracy to assassinate
Lincoln.

 

[M E Wolf]

I avail myself of this opportunity to bring to your notice the case of Capt. Charles H. Cole, another escaped prisoner of General Forrest's command, who was taken about six weeks since on the Michigan (the Federal war steamer on Lake Erie), and is charged with an attempt at piracy (for attempting to capture the vessel), with being a spy, &c. The truth is that he projected and came very near executing a plan for the capture of that vessel and the rescue of the prisoners on Johnson's Island. He failed only because of the return of the captain (Carter) of the Michigan a day sooner than expected and the betrayal (in consequence of Carter's return) of the entire plot. The only plausible ground for charging him with being a spy is that he was in Sandusky, on Johnson's Island, and on the Michigan frequently, without having on his person the Confederate uniform, but wearing the dress of a private citizen. Mr. --and I have addressed a letter to the commandant of Johnson's Island protesting against his being treated as a spy for the following reasons:

That he was in the territory of the United States as a prisoner against his consent; that he escaped by changing his garb; that he had no Confederate uniform when he visited Sandusky, Johnson's Island, and the Michigan; that he did not visit them as an emissary from the Confederate States; that whatever he conceived he had not executed anything; that he had conveyed no information to his Government, and did not contemplate conveying any information to the Government.

His trial has been postponed; I know not why or for what time. His exchange should be proposed and notice given that any punishment inflicted on him will be retaliated upon an officer of equal rank. He is a very brave and daring soldier and patriot, and deserves the protection of his Government. I wrote to you on 14th of June, to the President 25th of July, and to you on 11th of August and 12th of September last. I trust you received those letters. Mr. H (who I see has gotten into the Confederate States) has doubtless explained things here. I have never received a line from you or any person excepting my brother at Richmond. I have not changed the views expressed in my former communications. All that a large portion of the Northern people, especially in the Northwest, want to resist the oppressions of the despotism at Washington is a leader. They are ripe for resistance, and it may come soon after the Presidential election. At all events it must come if our armies are not overcome and destroyed or dispersed. No people of the Anglo. Saxon blood can long endure the usurpations and tyrannies of Lincoln. Democrats are more hated by Northern Republicans than Southern rebels, and will be as much outraged and persecuted if Lincoln is re-elected. They must yield to a cruel and disgraceful despotism or fight. They feel it and know it.

I do not see that I can achieve anything by remaining longer in this province, and unless instructed to stay shall leave here by 20th instant for Halifax and take my chances for running the blockade. If I am to stay till spring I wish my wife to join me under flag of truce if possible. I am afraid to risk a winter's residence in this latitude and climate. I need not sign this. The bearer and the person to whom it is addressed can identify me. But I see no reason why your response should not be signed and sealed, so as to make it evidence as suggested in respect to the Saint Albans' raid. A statement of prisoners' counsel has been sent by way of Halifax and Wilmington, but it may never reach you, or not in time for the deliverance of the prisoners. This is my chief reason for sending this by one I think I can trust. Please reply promptly and start the messenger back as soon as possible. He will explain the character of his mission. Send under a seal that cannot be broken without being discovered.

I am, respectfully, your most obedient servant,
---------- ----------
N. B.--See the Secretary of War (Mr. Seddon) touching Young's case.

 

[ole]

It has been intimated that they were involved. Somehow. I don't think they had a clue other than getting fat and happy, but I'm far from the final word on it. Until someone comes up with something interesting, I'll figure Booth was the sole tooth fairy. (With a few Tinker Bells.)

 

[M E Wolf]

O.R.--SERIES I--VOLUME XLIII/1 [S# 91]
CONFEDERATE CORRESPONDENCE, ORDERS, AND RETURNS RELATING SPECIALLY TO OPERATIONS IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA, WEST VIRGINIA, MARYLAND, AND PENNSYLVANIA, SEPTEMBER 1, 1864, TO DECEMBER 31, 1864.--#4
TORONTO, C. W., December 3, 1864.
(Received February 13, 1865.--J. P. B.)
Hon. J.P. BENJAMIN,
Secretary of State:
SIR: Several times have I attempted to send you communications, but I have no assurance that any one of them has been received. I have relaxed no effort to carry out the objects the Government had in view in sending me here. I had hoped at different times to have accomplished more, but still I do not think my mission has been altogether fruitless. At all events we have afforded the Northwestern States the amplest opportunity to throw off the galling dynasty at Washington and openly to take ground in favor of States' rights and civil liberty. This fact must satisfy the large class of discontents at home of the readiness and willingness of the administration to avail itself of every proffered assistance in our great struggle for independence.

On my arrival here I heard that there was such an organization as the order of the "Sons of Liberty" in the Northern States, and my first effort was to learn its strength, its principles, and its objects, and if possible to put myself in communication with its leading spirits. This was effected without much difficulty or delay. I was received among them with cordiality, and the greatest confidence at once extended to me. The number of its members was large, but not so great as Mr. Holt, in his official report, represented it to be. Its objects were political. Its principles were that the Government was based on the consent of the parties to it; that the States were the parties and were sovereign; that there was no authority in the General Government to coerce a seceding State. The resolutions of 1798 and 1799 were set forth as presenting the true theory of the Government. Its organization was essentially military. It had its commanders of divisions, of brigades, of regiments, of companies. In the month of June last the universal feeling among its members, leaders, and privates was that it was useless to hold a presidential election. Lincoln had the power and would certainly re-elect himself, and there was no hope but in force. The belief was entertained and freely expressed that by a bold, vigorous, and concerted movement the three great Northwestern States of Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio could be seized and held. This being done, the States of Kentucky and Missouri could easily be lifted from their prostrate condition and placed on their feet, and this in sixty days would end the war.

While everything was moving on smoothly to a supposed successful consummation, the first interruption in the calculation was the postponement of the meeting of the Democratic Convention from the 4th of July to the 29th of August, but preparations still went on, and in one of the States the 20th of July was fixed as the day for a movement; but before the day arrived a general council of the order from different States was called, and it was thought the movement on the 20th of July would be premature and the 16th of August was fixed upon for a general uprising. This postponement was insisted upon the ground that it was necessary to have a series of public meetings to prepare the public mind, and appointments for public peace meetings were made, one at Peoria, one at Springfield, and one at Chicago, on the 16th. The first one was at Peoria, and to make it a success I agreed that so much money as was necessary would be furnished by me. It was held and was a decided success; the vast multitudes who attended seemed to be swayed but by one leading idea--peace. The friends were encouraged and strengthened and seemed anxious for the day when they would do something to hasten them to the great goal of peace. About this time that correspondence between our friends and Horace Greeley made its appearance. Lincoln's manifesto shocked the country. The belief, in some way, prevailed over the North that the South would agree to a reconstruction, and the politicians, especially the leading ones, conceived the idea that on such an issue Lincoln could be beaten at the ballot-box. At all events they argued that the trial of the ballot-box should be made before a resort to force, always a dernier resort. The Springfield meeting came off, but it was apparent that the fire exhibited at Peoria had already diminished. The whole tone of the speakers was that the people must rely upon the ballot-box for redress for grievances. The nerves of the leaders of the order began to relax. About this time a large lot of arms were purchased and sent to Indianapolis, which was discovered, and some of the leading men were charged with the design to arm the members of the order for treasonable purposes. Treachery showed itself at Louisville. Judge Bullitt and Doctor Kalbfus were arrested and sent to Memphis. The day on which the great movement was to be made became known to Mr. McDonald, candidate for Governor of Indiana, and believing that it would mar his prospects for election unless prevented, he threatened to expose all the parties engaged unless the project was abandoned. Thus the day passed by and nothing was done.

The Chicago Convention came, the crowd was immense, the feeling was unanimous for peace. A general impression prevailed that a reconstruction could be had and that it was necessary to so far pander to the military feeling as to take General McClellan to secure a certain success. This nomination, followed as it was by divers disclosures and arrests of persons, prominent members, totally demoralized the "Sons of Liberty." The feeling with the masses is as strong as ever. They are true, brave, and, I believed willing and ready, but they have no leaders. The vigilance of the administration, its large detective force, the large bounties paid for treachery and the respectable men who have yielded to the temptation, added to the large military force stationed in those States, make organization and preparation almost an impossibility. A large sum of money has been expended in fostering and furthering these operations and it now seems to have been to little profit. But in reviewing the past I do not see how it could have been avoided, nor has it been spent altogether in vain. The apprehensions of the enemy have caused him to bring back and keep from the field in front at least 60,000 to watch and browbeat the people at home. In this view of the subject the same amount of money has effected so much in no other quarter since the commencement of the war.

In July last Capt. Charles H. Cole, of General Forrest's command, made his escape from prison. He represented to me that he had been appointed a lieutenant in our Navy. I sent him around the lakes, with instructions to go as a lower deck passenger, to familiarize himself with all the channels, and different approaches to the several harbors, the strength of each place, the depositories of coal, and especially to learn all that he could about the war steamer Michigan, and devise some plan for her capture or destruction. This duty he performed very satisfactorily. He was then instructed to return and put himself in communication with the officers of the Michigan, and feeling his way, to endeavor to purchase the beat from its officers. For a time he thought he would succeed in this, if he could give the guarantee of payment of the sums stipulated; but by degrees the question was dropped, and he asked permission to organize a force, beard and take her. This was given and Actg. Master John Y. Beall was sent him to aid in the organization, and in carrying out the enterprise. Their plan was well conceived and held out the promise of success. It had been previously ascertained from escaped prisoners from Johnson's Island that an organization existed among the prisoners of the island for the purpose of surprising the guard and capturing the island. The presence of the steamer Michigan, which carried fourteen guns, was the only obstacle.

Secret communications were had by which they were advised that on the night of the 19th of September an attempt to seize the Michigan would be made. On that night Captain Cole, who had previously established the friendliest relations with the officers of the steamer, was to have a wine drinking with them on board, and at a given hour Acting Master Beall was to appear, on a boat to be obtained for that purpose, with a sufficient body of Confederate soldiers to board and take the steamer. Should they capture the steamer, a cannon-shot sent through the officers' quarters on Johnson's Island was to signify to the prisoners that the hour for their release had come. Should they take the island, boats were to be improvised and Sandusky was to be attacked. If taken, the prisoners were to be mounted and make for Cleveland, the boats co-operating, and from Cleveland the prisoners were to make Wheeling and thence to Virginia. The key to the whole movement was the capture of the Michigan. On the evening of the 19th, by some treachery, Cole was arrested, and the messenger who was to meet Acting Master Beall at Kelly's Island did not reach him. Disappointed, but nothing daunted, Acting Master Beall, having possession of the Philo Parsons, passenger steamer from Detroit to Sandusky, went on toward Johnson's Island. Having landed at Middle Bass Island to secure a supply of wood, the steamer Island Queen, with a large number of passengers and thirty-two soldiers, came up along side and lashed herself to the Parsons. An attack was at once resolved upon. The passengers and soldiers were soon made prisoners and the boat delivered up to our men. The soldiers were regularly paroled, the passengers were left on the island, having given their promise not to leave for twenty-four hours, and the boat was towed out into the lake and sunk. The Parsons was then steered directly for the bay of Sandusky. Here the men, for certain reasons not altogether satisfactory, but possibly fortunately, refused to make the attack on the Michigan. Beall returned, landed at Sandwich, C. W., and the men scattered through the country. Most of them have returned to the Confederate States; but a few days since Actg. Master Bennet G. Burley was arrested, and the trial is now going on for his delivery under the extradition treaty. If we had Cole's, Beall's, or his own commission I should not fear the result. As it is they will have to prove that they acted under my orders, and that will in all probability secure his release, but it may lead to my expulsion from the provinces. At least I have it from a reliable source that this last proposition has been pressed upon the Canadian authorities and they have considered it. Should the course of events take this direction, unadvised by you, I shall consider it my duty to remain where I am and abide the issue. I should prefer, if it be possible, to have your views on the subject. Captain Cole is still a prisoner on Johnson's Island.

In obedience to your suggestion, so far as it was practicable, soon after my arrival here, I urged the people in the North to convert their paper money into gold and withdraw it from the market. I am satisfied this policy was adopted and carried into effect, to some extent, but how extensively I am unable to state. What effect it had on the gold market it is impossible to estimate, but certain it is that gold continued to appreciate until it went to 290. The high price may have tempted many to change their policy, because afterward gold fell in the market to 150. When it was about 180, and exportation of gold was so small that there appeared to be but little or no demand for it, Mr. John Porterfield, formerly a banker in Nashville, but now a resident of Montreal, was furnished with $100,000, and instructed to proceed to New York to carry out a financial policy, of his own conception, which consisted in the purchase of gold and exporting the same, selling it for sterling bills of exchange, and then again converting his exchange into gold. This process involved a certain loss, the cost of transshipment. He was instructed by Mr. Clay and myself to go on with his policy until he had expended $25,000, with which he supposed he would ship directly $5,000,000, and induce others to ship much more, and then, if the effect upon the gold market was not very perceptible, he was to desist and return to Canada, and restore the money unexpended. By his last report he had caused the shipment of more than $2,000,000 of gold at an expense of less than $10,000, but it seems that a Mr. Lyons, who had been a former partner of Porterfield, was arrested by General Butler on the ground that he was exporting gold, and although Mr. Lyons had no connection with Mr. Porterfield in this transaction, yet he thought it prudent to return to Canada, and while he retains the unexpended balance of the $25,000 to carry out his instructions, he has restored $75,000. I must confess that the first shipment had a marked effect on the market. I am inclined to the opinion that his theory will work great damage and distrust to the Federal finances, if vigorously followed up, and if no untoward circumstances should interfere with the operation.

continued

 

[M E Wolf]

Soon after I reached Canada a Mr. Minor Major visited me and represented himself as an accredited agent from the Confederate States to destroy steam-boats on the Mississippi River, and that his operations were suspended for want of means. I advanced to him $2,000 in Federal currency, and soon afterward several boats were burned at Saint Louis, involving an immense loss of property to the enemy. He became suspected, as he represented to me, of being the author of this burning, and from that time both he and his men have been hiding and consequently have done nothing.

Money has been advanced to Mr. Churchill, of Cincinnati, to organize a corps for the purpose of incendiarism in that city. I consider him a true man, and although as yet he has effected but little, I am in constant expectation of hearing of effective work in that quarter.

Previous to the arrival of Lieutenant-Colonel Martin and Lieutenant Headly bringing an unsigned note from you all the different places where our prisoners are confined--Camp Douglas, Rock Island, Camp Morton, Camp Chase, Elmira--had been thoroughly examined, and the conclusion was forced upon us that all efforts to release them without an outside co-operation would bring disaster upon the prisoners and result in no good. All projects of that sort were abandoned, except that at Camp Douglas, where Captain Hines still believed he could effect their release. We yielded to his firmness, zeal, and persistence, and his plans were plausible, but treachery defeated him before his well-laid schemes were developed. Having nothing else on hand, Colonel Martin expressed a wish to organize a corps to burn New York City. He was allowed to do so and a most daring attempt has been made to fire that city, but their reliance on the Greek fire has proved a misfortune. It cannot be depended on as an agent in such work. I have no faith whatever in it, and no attempt shall hereafter be made under my general directions with any such materials.

I knew nothing whatever of the raid on Saint Albans until after it transpired. Desiring to have a boat on whose captain and crew reliance could be placed, and on board of which arms could be sent to convenient points for arming such vessels as could be seized for operations on the lakes, I aided Dr. James T. Bates, of Kentucky, an old steam-boat captain, in the purchase of the steamer Georgiana. She had scarcely been transferred when the story went abroad that she had been purchased and armed for the purpose of sinking the Michigan, releasing the prisoners on Johnson's Island, and destroying the shipping on the lakes and the cities on their margin. The wildest consternation prevailed in all the border cities. At Buffalo two tugs had cannon placed on board; four regiments of soldiers were sent there, two of them represented to have been drawn from the Army of Virginia. Bells were rung at Detroit and churches broken up on Sunday. The whole lake shore was a scene of wild excitement. Boats were sent out which boarded the Georgiana, and found nothing contraband on board, but still the people were incredulous. The bane and curse of carrying out anything in this country is the surveillance under which we act. Detectives, or those ready to give information, stand at every street corner. Two or three cannot interchange ideas without a reporter.

The Presidential election has so demoralized the leaders of the order of the "Sons of Liberty" that a new organization under new leaders has become an absolute necessity. This is now going forward with great vigor and success. The new order is styled the "Order of the Star." There is a general expectation that there will soon be a new draft, and the members swear resistance to another draft. It is purely military, wholly independent of politics and politicians. It is given out among the members that Stonewall Jackson is the founder of the order, and the name has its significance from the stars on the collars of Southern officers. There is no ground to doubt that the masses to a large extent of the North are brave and true, and believe Lincoln a tyrant and usurper.

During my stay in Canada a great amount of property has been destroyed by burning. The information brought me as to the perpetrators is so conflicting and contradictory that I am satisfied that nothing can be certainly known. Should claims be presented at the War Office for payment for this kind of work, not one dollar should be advanced on any proof adduced until all the parties concerned may have an opportunity for making out and presenting proof. Several parties claim to have done the work at Saint Louis, New Orleans, Louisville, Brooklyn, Philadelphia, and at Cairo.

Within the last few days Dr. K. I. Stewart, of Virginia, has reached this place, and very mysteriously informs me that he has a plan for the execution of something which has received the sanction of the President. He is in want of money and states to me that you gave him a draft on me for $20,000 in gold, which has been lost on the way. He has sent back to Richmond for a renewal. He has rented a large house and moved his family into it. I cannot doubt his word, but of course I do not feel authorized to advance him money without your authority or that of the President. I have, however, been constrained to advance him $500 in gold, on his written statement that unless the money was in hand the lives and liberties of high Confederate officers would be imperiled.

Owing to the health of Mr. Clay, we separated at Halifax, and since then we have not lived together, though we have been in consulting distance. As the money was all in my name, which I supposed to be controlled by us jointly, and as he desired to have a sum placed in his hands, at all times subject to his personal control, I transferred to him $93,614, for which I hold his receipts, and for which he promises to account to the proper authorities at home. Including the money turned over to Mr. Clay, all of which he has not yet expended, the entire expenditures as yet on all accounts is about $300,000. I still hold three drafts for $100,000 each, which have not been collected.

Should you think it best for me to return I would be glad to know in what way you think I had best return with the funds remaining on hand. I infer from your personal in the New York News that it is your wish I should remain here for the present, and I shall obey your orders. Indeed I have so many papers in my possession, which in the hands of the enemy would utterly ruin and destroy very many of the prominent men in the North, that a due sense of my obligations to them will force on me the extremest caution in my movements.

For the future discarding all dependence on the organizations in the Northern States, our efforts, in my judgment, should be directed to inducing those who are conscripted in the North, and who utterly refuse to join the army to fight against the Confederate States, to make their way South to join our service. It is believed by many that at least a number sufficient to make up a division may be secured in this way for our service before spring, especially if our army opens up a road to the Ohio. Some are now on their way to Corinth, which at present is the point of rendezvous. Also to operate on their railroads and force the enemy to keep up a guard on all their roads, which will require a large standing army at home, and to burn whenever it is practicable, and thus make the men of property feel their insecurity and tire them out with the war. The attempt on New York has produced a great panic, which will not subside at their bidding. This letter, though long, does not, I am aware, report many things of minor importance which have occurred during my sojourn in Canada, but I shall omit them at present.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. THOMPSON.
-----------------------------------
O.R.--SERIES I--VOLUME XLIII/1 [S# 91]
UNION CORRESPONDENCE, ORDERS, AND RETURNS RELATING SPECIALLY TO OPERATIONS IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA, WEST VIRGINIA, MARYLAND, AND PENNSYLVANIA, SEPTEMBER 1, 1864, TO DECEMBER 31, 1864.(*)--#17
HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST,
New York City, October 19, 1864.
Hon. E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War:
I have been advised that a party of rebels from Canada have robbed the banks at Saint Albans, Vt., and killed several citizens. I have ordered the provost-marshal at Burlington to send his whole efficient force there, and have also ordered 10o men from Boston. I have directed a discreet officer to be put in command, with orders, in case the marauders are found on our side of the line, to pursue them, if necessary, into Canada, and destroy them.
JOHN A. DIX,
Major-General.
--------------------------------
MONTPELIER, VT., October 19, 1864.
Hon. E. M. STANTON:
A party of rebels have invaded Saint Albans, robbed the banks, killed several citizens, stolen horses, and destroyed property. Send me an order instantly for arms at Vergennes, and telegraph storekeeper there to deliver to my order.
J. G. SMITH,
Governor.
---------------------------------------
WASHINGTON CITY, October 19, 1864-..-9.30p. m.
Governor SMITH,
Montpelier, Vt.:
Your telegram received. You are authorized to call upon the military store-keeper at Vergennes for ordnance supplies, and he is directed, on presentation of this telegram, to furnish them immediately. You can also call on General Dix, who will fill your requisition.
EDWIN M. STANTON,
Secretary of War.
-----
MONTPELIER, VT., October 19, 1864.
(Received 7 p.m.)
Maj. Gen. JOHN A. Dix:
Rebels from Canada have invaded the State, robbed all the banks at Saint Albans, killed several citizens, and are at work destroying property. Send such force as you can to help us.
J. GREGORY SMITH,
Governor of Vermont.
-----
HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST,
New York City, October 19, 1864.
J. GREGORY SMITH,
Montpelier, Vt.:
I have ordered a military force from Boston to Saint Albans, and have ordered the provost-marshal at Burlington to send his whole efficient force there. In case the marauders are found on our side of the line I have directed that they be pursued into Canada if necessary to overtake and destroy them.
JOHN A. DIX,
Major-General.
-----
BURLINGTON, VT., October 19, 1864.
General JOHN A. DIX:
The raiders number about twenty-five. Captain Conger, with fifty men, has been heard from within half a mile of them, at Sheldon, eight miles this side the line, and another party may intercept them. Your order to pursue into Canada has been forwarded.
R. PROCTOR,
Colonel, Commanding.
-----
HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST,
New York City, October 19, 1864.
PROVOST-MARSHAL,
Burlington, Vt.:
Send all the efficient force you have to Saint Albans, and try to find the marauders who came from Canada this morning. Put a discreet officer in command, and in case they are found on our side of the line pursue them into Canada if necessary and destroy them.
JOHN A. DIX,
Major-general.
-------------------
continued

 

[M E Wolf]

HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST,
New York City, October 19, 1864.
Maj. F. N. CLARKE,
Boston, Mass.:
Send 100 men, with good officers, to Saint Albans, Vt., without delay. A party of rebels from Canada have robbed the banks there and are destroying property. If found on our side of the line pursue them into Canada if necessary. Call upon Lieutenant-Colonel Floyd-Jones for the men and the quartermaster for transportation.
JOHN A. DIX,
Major-General.
-------------------------
----
NEW YORK, N.Y., October 19, 1864.
Major ECKERT:
Following dispatch to press:
BURLINGTON, VT. [October] 19.
A party of twenty-five armed men rode into Saint Albans this afternoon, and robbed three bank there of $150,000. It is supposed they were Southerners from border of Canada. Five citizens were shot, one it is feared fatally. Having accomplished their object the band left immediately for Canada.
LATER.--The man Morrison, who was shot through the body, has since died.
SMITH.
-----
O.R.--SERIES I--VOLUME XLIII/1 [S# 91]
UNION CORRESPONDENCE, ORDERS, AND RETURNS RELATING SPECIALLY TO OPERATIONS IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA, WEST VIRGINIA, MARYLAND, AND PENNSYLVANIA, SEPTEMBER 1, 1864, TO DECEMBER 31, 1864.(*)--#18
NEW YORK, October 20, 1864.
Hon. E. M. STANTON,
Washington, D.C.:
Eight of the rebel raiders at Saint Albans have been captured within the Canada line and a portion of their booty recovered.
JOHN A. DIX,
Major-General.
-----
NEW YORK, N. Y., October 20, 1864.
(Received 10.40 p.m.)
Hon. WILLIAM H. SEWARD,
Washington, D.C.:
My order to the officer who went in pursuit of the marauders at Saint Albans was to follow them, if necessary, into Canada, and destroy them. My direction was, further, that the pursuit must be instant and continuous if carried across the line. I dined yesterday in company with Lord Lyons, and informed him of what I had done. I will send you to-morrow copies of my orders. I have this moment received the following satisfactory dispatch from Burlington:

Your order was perfectly understood. The pursuing party were close upon the raiders when they crossed the lines, and continued the pursuit, and at last accounts had captured eight, who are held by Canadian authorities awaiting requisitions. Canadian authorities are reported to be aiding in the pursuit and capture.
ROLLO GLEASON,
Provost- Marshal.
There are other raids in contemplation, and it is very important that the Canadian authorities should do their duty. I think they will.
JOHN A. DIX,
Major-General.
-------------------------------------------------
MONTREAL, CANADA EAST, October 20, 1864.
(Received 7 p.m.)
Hon. W. H. SEWARD:
Lord Monek has ordered General Williams to give assistance by troops in arresting the raiders at Saint Albans.
D. THURSTON.
-----
MONTPELIER, VT., October 20, 1864.
Major-General DIX:
Two of our citizens badly wounded at Saint Albans by the rebels, all three of the banks robbed, one hotel fired, and about $I50,000 taken, and about twenty-five horses. A company of volunteers was organized to pursue the rebels in their flight to Canada. Telegram this morning says that eight of the raiders captured by the pursuing party in Canada, nine horses, and a portion of the money recovered; not able to say how much. Party still pursuing the raiders. It was a most daring adventure.
J. GREGORY SMITH,
Governor of Vermont.
-----------------------------------
NEW YORK, October 20, 1864.
PROVOST-MARSHAL,
Burlington, Vt.:
What news from Saint Albans? I trust the officer understood my order in regard to pursuing the rebel raiders into Canada. It is only in case they are found on our side of the line, and the pursuit then must be instant and continuous. Advise him so.
JOHN A. DIX,
Major-general.
------------------------------
HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST,
New York City, October 20, 1864.
Maj. F. N. CLARKE, U.S. Army,
Boston, Mass. :
Countermand the order sent last night directing troops to go to Saint Albans, Vt. If already started telegraph them to come back.
JOHN A. DIX,
Major-General.
-----------------------------------
continued

 

[M E Wolf]

MONTPELIER, VT., October 21, 1864.
Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON,
Secretary of War:
Eight of the raiders taken in Canada are trying to force a hasty trial before a magistrate. They have plenty of money, and have employed the most eminent counsel, attempting to resort to the Halifax dodge. Please telegraph immediately to the Governor-General of Canada, at Quebec, asking him to prevent such trial. A special messenger has just arrived, bringing me information that the trial is set for Saturday (to-morrow) at noon. The parties thus fax arrested admit what they have done; say they are duly commissioned officers of the Confederate Army, detailed to carry on war on our borders in this style. May it not be necessary for our Government to make requisition en the Government of Canada for these men as robbers and murderers? One of the men wounded by them has since died. I have telegraphed to the Governor-General of Canada and vice-consul at Montreal, urging they should permit no hasty trial. Should not some able person be sent by our Government immediately to confer with the Canadian authorities? A good deal of excitement exists on our Northern frontier, and apprehension is felt of further raids. Reply to me immediately at Saint Albans. The raiders have telegraphed to Saunders for help.
J. GREGORY SMITH,
Governor of Vermont.
-----
O.R.--SERIES I--VOLUME XLIII/1 [S# 91]
UNION CORRESPONDENCE, ORDERS, AND RETURNS RELATING SPECIALLY TO OPERATIONS IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA, WEST VIRGINIA, MARYLAND, AND PENNSYLVANIA, SEPTEMBER 1, 1864, TO DECEMBER 31, 1864.(*)--#19
SAINT ALBANS, VT., October 22, 1864.
Hon. E. M. STANTON,
Secretary of War:
The excitement still continues, though somewhat abated. Threats are still made of a return to burn this and other villages. Eleven of the raiders have been taken, and about $75,000 recovered. The parties captured admitted all they have done; say they have their commission from the Confederate Government, and claim the protection of the Canadian Government. My last telegram from the Governor-General of Canada says, "You need entertain no fears but that the laws will be faithfully administered." He has, at my request, ordered the trial removed from before the local magistrate to Judge Coursal, of Montreal, and everything looks favorable for a fair and thorough investigation. I have encouraged the organization of cavalry forces at several points on the frontier, to be kept in readiness for any emergency. We want some equipments--bridles, saddles, sabers, pistols, carbines, &c. Will you furnish, say, to the amount of 500? Please reply to me at this point; and if you send have them forwarded to me at once at this point. Our volunteers are to engage in that service, and find their own horses if they can have equipments.
J. GREGORY SMITH,
Governor.
-----

WASHINGTON CITY, October 22, 1864.
Governor J. G. SMITH,
Saint Albans, Vt.:
The Chief of Ordnance has been directed to forward to you immediately, at Saint Albans, 500 carbines, pistols, sabers, and cavalry equipments.
E. M. STANTON,
Secretary of War.
----------------------------------
OFFICE ACTG. ASST. PROVOST-MARSHAL-GENERAL,
Brattleborough, Vt., October 23, 1864.
Colonel VAN BUREN,
Asst. Adjt. Gen., Hdqrs. Dept. of the East, New York City:
SIR: I have the honor to report that I received the inclosed telegram at 7 p.m. on the 19th instant. At once I collected about 100 convalescents and 30 of the Veteran Reserve Corps, with two officers, from the general hospital here, and left at 9 p.m. (the earliest train to be had), arriving at Saint Albans (the place of residence of the Governor), a distance of 200 miles, at 8 o'clock the next morning. I found that at about 4 p.m. the previous day about twenty-five men from Canada, armed with two revolvers each, had suddenly entered the three banks of the town and robbed them of over $200,000, mortally wounding one citizen and seriously wounding another; then they seized a number of horses and made their escape, the whole affair occupying less than half an hour. The citizens were utterly paralyzed by the boldness and suddenness of the attack. Soon after n ex-captain of volunteers, with a few citizens mounted, started in pursuit. The robbers in their retreat tried to enter the bank at Sheldon, Vt., but were unsuccessful. In both places they made abortive attempts to burn buildings. They were pursued into Canada. After reaching the frontier, supposing themselves safe, they became less vigilant; and up to this date some twelve of them have been captured and lodged in Canada jails. About $75,000 were recovered. No officer or soldier of our Government violated any of the laws existing between the two countries.

The telegram to the Governor from your headquarters to pursue them into Canada, forwarded by a messenger to Lieutenant-Colonel Benton, late of the Eleventh Vermont Volunteers (acting under State orders), was received by the ex-captain about the time he had completed the pursuit. Finding that they were all in Canada and had dispersed, and that the Canadian authorities had taken the matter in hand, I deemed it useless to proceed with the men to the line. Learning that some of the robbers were proceeding toward Saint Johns, I sent Major Barstow, a discreet ex-officer of the Eighth Vermont Volunteers (acting under State authority), there to confer with the mayor relative to their arrest.

The authorities over the line have shown every disposition to capture the robbers, and at all the interviews with our officials, I learn, they have been very courteous and well disposed.

The detachment of convalescents from Brattleborough, not being needed, were sent back the same night, as they were to leave for the front on the 24th. About sixty of the Veteran Reserve Corps, under Captain Nickerson, a vigilant and discreet officer, remain at Saint Albans, and twenty of the same corps, under Captain Bancroft, are guarding the long railroad bridge at Alburg, all belonging to the three hospitals in this State. As these officers and men are much needed at their stations, I respectfully recommend that a company of troops, with an active and discreet captain, be sent to Saint Albans (only twelve miles from the line), to remain for the present. If a portion of them could be mounted, their efficiency would be much increased.

Certain deserters from Vermont regiments are supposed to be among the robbers; in fact, one was recognized by a soldier on furlough in the town, who had an altercation with him.

I strongly recommend to the selectmen of the border towns to organize at once all the able-bodied men, under a suitable chief, for local protection, each man to receive a musket and ammunition, the selectmen to receipt for the property, and the men to be ready to assemble at short notice at some preconcerted signal. Many towns have adopted the plan, and the Governor promises to carry out the recommendation; he has an abundance of arms and ammunition for distribution.

From all I can learn deserters and Confederates made up the party, under instructions from active rebel agents in Canada, and I shall not be surprised to hear of other outrages along the line before the Presidential election comes off. The decision of the Canadian authorities in the present cases will be of great importance to the rebels in their midst as to future operations. The Governor has grave apprehensions as to the future peace of the frontier, considering the great number of deserters and rebels now near the line, and is exceedingly anxious for as much military protection as the Government can afford at the present time.

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
WM. AUSTINE,
Major, U.S. Army, Actg: Asst. Pro. Mar. Gen. and Mil. Comdr.
[Inclosure.]
MONTPELIER, VT., October 19, 1864.
Major AUSTINE,
Brattleborough :
Send here all your available force, armed and with ordnance stores, by special train, at once. Order the express train to let them through. Rebels have invaded Saint Albans; have robbed all the banks and killed several citizens. Don't delay.
J. G. SMITH,
Governor of Vermont.
-----
continued

 

[M E Wolf]

O.R.--SERIES I--VOLUME XLIII/1 [S# 91]
UNION CORRESPONDENCE, ORDERS, AND RETURNS RELATING SPECIALLY TO OPERATIONS IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA, WEST VIRGINIA, MARYLAND, AND PENNSYLVANIA, SEPTEMBER 1, 1864, TO DECEMBER 31, 1864.(*)--#20
GENERAL ORDERS No. 80.
HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST,
New York City, October 28, 1864.
Satisfactory information has been received by the major-general commanding that rebel agents in Canada design to send into the United States and colonize at different points large numbers of refugees, deserters, and enemies of the Government, with a view to vote at the approaching Presidential election; and it is not unlikely, when this service to the rebel cause has been performed, that they may be organized for the purpose of shooting down peaceable citizens and plundering private property, as in the recent predatory incursions on the Detroit River and at Saint Albans. Against these meditated outrages en the purity of the elective franchise, and these nefarious acts of robbery, incendiarism, and murder, it is the determination of the major-general commanding to guard by every possible precaution, and to visit on the perpetrators, if they shall be detected, the most signal and summary punishment. All the classes of persons above enumerated, whether citizens of the insurgent States who have been in the rebel service or engaged in acts of hostility to the Government, deserters from the military service of the United States, or men drafted, or subject to draft, who have fled to evade their duty to their country, are liable to punishment for the crimes they have already committed, and no effort will be spared to arrest them. For this purpose, all provost-marshals and their deputies within this department are commanded to exercise all possible vigilance, and to adopt such measures as may be necessary to detect persons coming into the United States for the purpose of voting or committing depredations on private property, and to prevent their escape; and it is earnestly recommended to the electors of the States in this department to take, within their respective election districts, such measures as may be required for their own security, and to aid the military authorities in frustrating the designs of rebel agents and emissaries, or in bringing the perpetrators to punishment. Should any
of these malefactors succeed in perpetrating their crimes, effective measures will be taken to prevent their return to Canada; and for this purpose special directions will be given, and suitable guards for the frontier will be provided, before the day of election.

As a further precaution, all persons from the insurgent States now within the department, or who may come within it on or before the 3d of November proximo, are hereby required to report themselves for registry on or before that day, and all such persons coming within the department after that day will report immediately on their arrival. Those who fail to comply with this requirement will be regarded as spies or emissaries of the insurgent authorities at Richmond, and will be treated accordingly. The registry in this city will be at the headquarters of Maj. Gen. John J. Peck, second in command in the department, at No. 37 Bleecker street; and in all other places out of the city at the offices of the nearest provost-marshals. The registry will contain a complete description of the persons reporting, and also their places of residence, which must not be changed without notice at the places of registry.

By command of Major-General Dix:
D. T. VAN BUREN,
Colonel and Assistant Adjutant-General.
---------------------------------------------------------------------
NEW YORK CITY, November 3, 1864.
(Received 4 p.m.)
Hon. E. M. STANTON,
Secretary of War:
General Butler has arrived and presented his order. It seems to contemplate that he is to be in the city, in command of the troops to be sent here. This is not the weak point; it is on the frontier from Saint Albans to Buffalo, and at least half of the troops should go there. I write to know whether disposition of the troops is in my discretion. I should not make the inquiry but for the peculiar form of the order.
JNO. A. DIX,
Major-General.
----------------------------
-----
CONFIDENTIAL.] WAR DEPARTMENT,
November 3, 1864.
Major-General DIX,
New York:
You will understand that in assigning General Butler to report to you it is not designed in any way to impair or interfere with your supreme command, but is only a brief, temporary arrangement, which affords the only chance of getting a sufficient force to serve your purpose in the present emergency. I shall write to you today at large.
EDWIN M. STANTON,
Secretary of War.
-----
NEW YORK, November 4, 1864--12 rn.
(Received 1.30 p.m.)
Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON,
Secretary of War:
When I saw you a fortnight ago to-morrow, you told me you would ask General Grant to send me 5,000 troops, of which I informed you I wished to place 3,000 on the frontier. Not only in reference to threatened attack, but to secure the efficient execution of the order in regard to the colonizing from Canada for the election, and that I would retain 2,000 in New York. If I cannot divide the force under General Butler, two of the chief objects in view will be defeated. I will give General Butler, as is due to his rank, the choice of remaining here, or of taking command of the two northern districts of New York and State of Vermont, including Albany, Buffalo, and Saint Albans. If his force must not be divided, I will send into those districts the troops garrisoning forts in this harbor, although they are altogether inadequate to the object in view.
JOHN A. DIX,
Major-General.
-----
NEW YORK CITY, November 4, 1864--3 p.m.
Hon. EDWIN M. STANTON,
Secretary of War:
I have arranged the matter with General Butler to his satisfaction.
JNO. A. DIX,
Major-general.

GENERAL ORDERS No. 86.
HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST,
New York City, November 4, 1864.
Maj. Gen. Benjamin F. Butler, having been assigned to duty in this department, will take command of the troops which are arriving here to meet existing emergencies, and which will be put on service in the State of New York, subject to his orders.
By command of Major-General Dix:
CHARLES TEMPLE DIX,
Major and Aide-de-Camp, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General.
-------------
CITY POINT, November 5, 1864.
Major-General HALLECK,
Washington, D.C.:
At the time General Butler called for 3,000 infantry and two batteries additional to what had already been sent, there was great scarcity of seagoing transportation. The troops, however, were all sent as fast as possible to Fortress Monroe to be transferred to sea vessels as fast as they arrived. The very rough weather of the past few days has produced some delay, but I understand the last of the infantry left Fortress Monroe at 2 a.m. to-day. Owing to the rough sea the vessels having on board the artillery were being detained to build stalls for the horses. As soon as I learned this I ordered them to sea at once, and leave their horses behind. This may make it necessary for General Butler to press into service for a few days such horses as he may require.
U.S. GRANT,
Lieutenant-General.
--------------------------
O.R.--SERIES I--VOLUME XLIII/1 [S# 91]
UNION CORRESPONDENCE, ORDERS, AND RETURNS RELATING SPECIALLY TO OPERATIONS IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA, WEST VIRGINIA, MARYLAND, AND PENNSYLVANIA, SEPTEMBER 1, 1864, TO DECEMBER 31, 1864.(*)--#23
HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST,
New York City, November 7, 1864.
Col. R. PROCTOR,
Commanding, Burlington, Vt.:
Have the First Vermont Cavalry armed with rifles, and send 100 men to Plattsburg on Tuesday, as soon as they have voted, and direct them to remain there two or three days after the election.
JOHN A. DIX,
Major-general.
-----
HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST,
New York City, November 7, 1864.
Col. R. PROCTOR:
Send 100 of the First Vermont Cavalry, armed with rifles, to Saint Albans, to report to Governor Smith as soon as they have voted: to remain there two or three days after the election.
JOHN A. DIX,
Major-General.
-----
O.R.--SERIES I--VOLUME XLIII/1 [S# 91]
UNION CORRESPONDENCE, ORDERS, AND RETURNS RELATING SPECIALLY TO OPERATIONS IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA, WEST VIRGINIA, MARYLAND, AND PENNSYLVANIA, SEPTEMBER 1, 1864, TO DECEMBER 31, 1864.(*)--#27
HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST,
New York City, November 22, 1864.
Hon. E. M. STANTON,
Secretary of War:
SIR: I have the following reliable information: There are about forty rebels in Marysburg, Prince Edward County, Canada, on the north side of Lake Ontario and northwest of Oswego. They drill regularly about three times a week and are armed with revolvers. They board with farmers in the neighborhood, seem to have plenty of money, and say they belong to John Morgan's corps. These organizations for hostile purposes on Canadian soil are so plainly in violation of all the obligations of neutrality that I cannot doubt the willingness of the Canadian authorities to put an end to them on proper notice. There are some indications of retaliation on the part of our citizens along the frontier on account of the outrages on the Detroit River and at Saint Albans, and I think the publication of my report with regard to the former will have a salutary influence on both sides of the line.
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JOHN A. DIX,
Major-General.
-----
O.R.--SERIES I--VOLUME XLIII/1 [S# 91]
UNION CORRESPONDENCE, ORDERS, AND RETURNS RELATING SPECIALLY TO OPERATIONS IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA, WEST VIRGINIA, MARYLAND, AND PENNSYLVANIA, SEPTEMBER 1, 1864, TO DECEMBER 31, 1864.(*)--#32
NEW YORK, December 14, 1864.
Hon. E. M. STANTON:
The court at Montreal have released the Saint Albans raiders on a mere technical ground of want of jurisdiction, and they are now at liberty to commit further depredations. I shall remain here at Fifth Avenue Hotel till to-morrow morning and shall be happy to receive any suggestions from you as to our course. In my judgment we are to have serious trouble on the border as a consequence of this decision. Will you please direct the arms, &c., to be hastened forward?
J. GREGORY SMITH,
Governor.
-----
WAR DEPARTMENT,
Washington City, December 14, 1864.
His Excellency J. GREGORY SMITH,
Governor of Vermont, Fifth Avenue Hotel, New York:
Your telegram received. I regret not having an opportunity to see you again before your departure. The military supplies will be forwarded without delay. Instructions to meet emergencies as they arrive will be given to General Dix, with whom you will please communicate.
EDWIN M. STANTON,
Secretary of War.
GENERAL ORDERS No. 97.
NEW YORK, N.Y.,
December 14, 1864.
Information having been received at these headquarters that the rebel marauders, who were guilty of murder and robbery at Saint Albans, have been discharged from arrest at Montreal, and that other enterprises of a like character are actually in preparation in Canada, the commanding general deems it due to the people of the frontier towns to adopt the most prompt and efficient measures for the security of their lives and property. All military commanders on the frontier are therefore instructed, in case further acts of depredation and murder are attempted, whether by marauders or persons acting under commissions from the rebel authorities at Richmond, to shoot down the perpetrators, if possible, while in the commission of their crimes; or, if it be necessary, with a view to their capture, to cross the boundary between the United States and Canada, said commanders are hereby directed to pursue them wherever they may take refuge, and if captured, they are under no circumstances to be surrendered, but are to be sent to these

headquarters for trial and punishment by martial law. The major-general commanding the department will not hesitate to exercise to the fullest extent the authority he possesses under the rules of law recognized by all civilized states in regard to persons organizing hostile expeditions within Montreal territory and fleeing to it for an asylum after committing acts of depredation within our lines, such an exercise of authority having become indispensable to protect our cities and towns from incendiarism and our people from robbery and murder. It is earnestly hoped that the inhabitants of our frontier districts will abstain from all acts of retaliation on account of the outrages committed by rebel marauders, and that the proper measures of redress will be left to the action of the public authorities.
By command of Major-General Dix:
D. T. VAN BUREN,
Colonel and Assistant Adjutant-General.
(Telegraphed by General Dix to Secretary Stanton.)

continued

 

[M E Wolf]

O.R.--SERIES I--VOLUME XLIII/1 [S# 91]
UNION CORRESPONDENCE, ORDERS, AND RETURNS RELATING SPECIALLY TO OPERATIONS IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA, WEST VIRGINIA, MARYLAND, AND PENNSYLVANIA, SEPTEMBER 1, 1864, TO DECEMBER 31, 1864.(*)--#32
WAR DEPARTMENT,
Washington City, December 15, 1864.
Maj. Gen. JOHN A. DIX,
Commanding the Department of the East, New York:
GENERAL: Your General Orders No. 97, telegraphed to this Department, has been submitted to the President, who directs me to inform you that he approves prompt and vigilant action, within proper limits, to protect your department and its inhabitants against hostile aggression; and that, in view of the recent action by a local British tribunal in turning loose the marauders who were guilty of murder and robbery at Saint Albans, every effort should be made to secure the citizens of the United States on the frontier in their persons and property against future outrages. But it remains to be seen whether the executive authorities in Canada will sanction the action of their judicial officer; and the President does not approve that part of your order which instructs "all military commanders on the frontier" in certain cases therein specified to cross the boundary between the United States and Canada and directs pursuit into neutral territory. The act of invading neutral territory by military commanders is, in the opinion of the President, too grave and serious to be left to the discretion or will of subordinate commanders, where the facility of communication with superior authority is so speedy, as it always may be with the chief authority in your department, and even with the President at Washington. The President, therefore, does not think the portion of your order referred to required by any public necessity or compatible with proper military subordination or the public peace and security. Subordinate military authorities, when left to their own will or discretion, are too prone to act upon views of military necessity where none really exists, to be intrusted with the power of crossing neutral territory without specific authority. If circumstances shall require military commanders to cross into Canada, or to pursue marauders, thieves, or murderers of any description into neutral territory, proper authority can be applied for without any delay prejudicial to the public welfare.
Your obedient servant,
EDWIN M. STANTON,
Secretary of War.
-----
One can see the lawyer in President Lincoln's review of the General Order #97.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
There is more on the Saint Alban's raiders into 1865.

[Posted in full for those who are paying by the minute for Internet services as a courtesy]

M. E. Wolf

 

[M E Wolf]

Regarding Lincoln's assassination:

O.R.--SERIES I--VOLUME XLVII/3 [S# 100]
UNION CORRESPONDENCE, ORDERS, AND RETURNS RELATING TO OPERATIONS IN NORTH CAROLINA, SOUTH CAROLINA, SOUTHERN GEORGIA, AND EAST FLORIDA, FROM MARCH 24, 1865, TO JUNE 30, 1865.(*)--#13
WAR DEPARTMENT,
Washington City, April 24, 1865--2.20 p.m.
Major-General DIX, New York:
A dispatch from General Sherman states that--
Wilson held Macon on the 30th [20th], with Howell Cobb, G. W. Smith, and others as prisoners, but they claimed the benefit of my armistice, and he has telegraphed to me through the rebel lines for orders. I have answered him that he may draw out of Macon and hold his command for further orders, unless he has reason to believe the rebels are changing the status to our prejudice.

This Department has information that the President's murder was organized in Canada and approved at Richmond. One of the assassins now in prison, who attempted to kill Mr. Seward, is believed to be one of the Saint Albans raiders.
EDWIN M. STANTON,
Secretary of War

 

[Ellsworth avenger]

M. E. has this well covered ,further interest may be sparked by search engine;John Wilkes Booth Cipher Letter. This will bring up the very interesting Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine Volume 74. Would love to hear comments.

 

[Ellsworth avenger]

From Century illustrated Monthly Magazine Volume 74 p.297
Testimony compiled by Benn Pittman "--prove conclusively that the alphabet square cipher,at least three copies of which were found in posession of Booth and his co-conspirators* was identical with the cipher-key found by Mr Dana in the office of Judah P Benjamin,confederate Secretary of State at Richmond,on April 6,1865,three days after its evacuation."

 

[ForeverFree]

ME WOLF,

Are you viewing the OR from an online source, or are you using a CD or other on-your-PC/Mac source? If it's online, can you provide a link to that?

 

[Ellsworth avenger]

I would like to submit the following web site to peruse. http://www.mardigrassecrets.com/

 

[Ellsworth avenger]

Law Prof. weighs in

also for perusement http://www.law.uga.edu/academics/profiles/dwilkes_more/other_toc.html ,articles 6,and 7

 

[M E Wolf]

ForeverFree,

You are able to access the Official Records of the Rebellion through E-history.com; or type: Official Records of the Rebellion in your browser. Most have search engines by which to search. I didn't get anything with Saint or St. Albans -- but got hit with Albans.


M. E. Wolf

 

[5fish]

I recently heard about a Confederate raid on St. Albans, Vermont. I was wondering if anyone could tell me if there was a force operating in Canada during the whole war or was this a single action?
Thanks.

Here's a wiki site and others too with a brief story of the St Alan's Raid...

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Albans_Raid

http://vermontcivilwar.org/staraid/

http://ezinearticles.com/?St-Albans-Raid---Vermont-and-the-Civil-War&id=3932454