On this day in 1864 at 0430 hours, 50,000 Federal troops in the II, VI and XVIII Corps launched a massive assault near the Cold Harbor Tavern just east of Richmond, Virginia. The Confederate position, now well entrenched, proved too strong for the Federal troops. In less than an hour, thousands of Federal soldiers lay dead and dying between the lines. Pinned down by a tremendous volume of Confederate infantry and artillery fire, Federal Lt. General Ulysses S. Grant's men could neither advance nor retreat. With cups, plates, and bayonets, they dug makeshift trenches. Later, when darkness fell, these trenches were joined and improved.
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