I would say McPherson, Gallagher, Eric Foner, and Shearer Davis Bowman.
McPherson's
Battle Cry of Freedom is an awesome synthesis of Civil War scholarship, and it has stood the test of time. His book
The Negro's Civil War: How American Blacks Felt and Acted During the War for the Union is a good introduction to the story of the African American role in the Civil War
I only have one book from Gary Gallagher, but he is an almost omnipresent force, on CSPAN and other Internet channels. His lectures and talks are always interesting and informative.
Eric Foner's book on Reconstruction (
Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877) is a very good description of the successor period to the Civil War, and is extremely useful in understanding the impact the war had on the nation, and in understanding the conflicts and controversies that followed the war. I look forward to reading his Pulitzer Prize winning book on Lincoln
(The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery). I have read portions of his book on the Republican Party
(Free Labor, Free Soil, Free Men), and it offers valuable insights into the Party and its ideology.
Finally, I really really liked
At the Precipice: Americans North and South during the Secession Crisis by the late Shearer Davis Bowman. There are a lot of books that focus on the coming and causes of the Civil War, such as David Potter's
The Impending Crisis, 1848-1861 and William Freehling's two volume set
The Road to Disunion. But Bowman's book, though a sometimes tedious read, provides an excellent and updated discussion of the causes, conflicts, and players - both minor and major - who were caught in the maelstrom that led to secession. Plus, it's not a million pages long.
- Alan