ACW Railroad History

USS ALASKA

Major
Joined
Mar 16, 2016
15 Oct 1862

Texas. A Union boat crew from USS Rachel Seaman under the command of Master's Mate Edwin Janvrin, and a boat crew led by of Second Assistant Engineer Timothy W O'Connor from USS Kensington, burned a Confederate railroad bridge at Taylor's Bayou, preventing the transportation of heavy artillery by the Confederates to Sabine Pass. They also burned the schooners Stonewall and Lone Star and some barracks buildings.


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Water color painting by Erik Heyl. 1951 of SS Kensington for his book "Early American Steamers", vol. I and vol. V. US Naval History and Heritage Command Photo #NH 63702. Courtesy of Erik Heyl.


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Ships and trains - they just go together...

U.S.S. Barb: The Sub that Sunk a Train

The darkness was shattered by a brilliant light and the roar of the explosion. The boilers of the locomotive blew, shattered pieces of the engine blowing 200 feet into the air. Behind it the cars began to accordion into each other, bursting into flame and adding to the magnificent fireworks display. Five minutes later the saboteurs we lifted to the deck by their exuberant comrades as the Barb turned to slip back to safer waters. Moving at only two knots, it would be a while before the Barb was into waters deep enough to allow it to submerge. It was a moment to savor, the culmination of teamwork, ingenuity, and daring by the Commander and all his crew. "Lucky" Fluckey's voice came over the intercom. "All hands below deck not absolutely needed to maneuver the ship have permission to come topside." He didn't have to repeat the invitation. Hatches sprang open as the proud sailors of the Barb gathered on her decks to proudly watch the distant fireworks display. The Barb had "sunk" a Japanese train! The story of the saboteurs of the USS Barb is one of those unique, little-known stories of World War II. It becomes increasingly important when one realizes that the 8 sailors who blew up the train at near Kashiho, Japan conducted the only ground combat operation on the Japanese "homeland" of World War II.

Full article here - https://homeofheroes.com/heroes-stories/world-war-ii/eugene-fluckey/

Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 
17 Oct 1863

Virginia. The Confederate Army of Northern Virginia retreated southwards from Manassas Junction and began to destroy much of the Orange & Alexandria Railroad as it went. Union Major-General George Gordon Meade did not commence a general pursuit in the heavy rain and sent only cavalry columns to harass the withdrawal.





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Orange and Alexandria Railroad. Above map cropped from below link. Red markings mine.


Please also see @DaveBrt 's website https://www.csa-railroads.com/

Cheers,
USS ALASKLA
 
22 Oct 1862

Pocotaligo, South Carolina, also known as the Second Battle of Pocotaligo, Caston's Plantation, Pocotaligo Bridge, Yemassee, or Pocataligo. A US Navy battery of three 12-pounder boat howitzers from USS Wabash provided artillery support for 4,500 Union men under the command of Brigadier-General John Milton Brannan for an expedition to Pocotaligo, which was ordered by Major-General Ormsby McKnight Mitchel. The troops embarked on transport ships and left Hilton Head on 21 October 1862. Brannan's orders were to destroy the railroad and railroad bridges on the Charleston & Savannah Railroad.

Full write-up here https://americancivilwarhighcommand.com/chronology-day-by-day/chronology-1862/1862-october-22nd/

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Color-tinted lithograph of USS Wabash by Major & Knapp, after a drawing by M.B. Woolsey, USN, published during the later 1850s.


Sentinels of the past — the Coast Guard's Civil War Boat Howitzers from the Revenue Cutter Service

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Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 
4 Actions on this day...

27 Oct 1863

Alabama. Skirmishes at Bear Creek and Little Bear Creek on the Memphis & Charleston Railroad.


Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 
27 Oct 1863

Tennessee. To secure the routes from Chattanooga into eastern Tennessee, Union Major-General Ambrose Everett Burnside concentrated his IX Corps on the railroad near Loudon at the junction of the Tennessee and Little Tennessee rivers. The XXIII Corps guarded the river between Loudon and Kinston, while a cavalry division guarded the Little Tennessee River between the railroad and the mountains. Burnside was reinforced by the attachment of an additional division to IX Corps. This force was stationed at Jonesboro to guard against Confederate movements from middle Tennessee. The Rogersville road was covered by two small cavalry brigades.


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Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 
27 Oct 1863

Tennessee. Union Major-General William Tecumseh Sherman was marching with 20,000 men along the 330 miles of railroad from Memphis to reinforce the relieving forces at Chattanooga. He had been ordered originally by Major-General Henry Wager Halleck to repair the railroads as he marched but the resulting delays caused Major-General Ulysses Simpson Grant to order Sherman to abandon the railroad repairs in order to move more quickly.


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Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 
Last one for today...

27 Oct 1864

Boydton Plank Road, Virginia, also known as Hatcher's Run, or Boydton Road, or Burgess' Farm, or Burgess' Mill, or Vaughan Road, or First Hatcher's Run. Union Lieutenant-General Ulysses Simpson Grant ordered an operation to cut the Boydton Plank Road and the Southside Railroad southwest of Petersburg. These were the primary lines of supply for the Confederate army at Richmond and Petersburg.

Full write-up and OOB here - https://americancivilwarhighcommand.com/chronology-day-by-day/chronology-1864/1864-october-27th/

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Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 
28 Oct 1863

Wauhatchie, Tennessee. Union Major-General Joseph Hooker's column entered Lookout Valley to the astonishment of Confederate General Braxton Bragg and Lieutenant-General James Longstreet, who in conference on Lookout Mountain. Longstreet had expected a Union attack further to the southwest and had failed to properly scout Hooker's advance. Nevertheless, Hooker's advance was almost as dramatic as the earlier and audacious water-borne seizure of Brown's Ferry. Hooker's force drove back the outposts of Confederate Brigadier-General Evander McIver Law's brigade near Wauhatchie but the Confederates destroyed the railroad bridge over Lookout Creek and occupied the high ground beyond. Geary's detached division (2/XII) moved forward to hold Wauhatchie Station, a stop on the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad, in order to protect the line of communications to the southwest as well as the road west to Kelley's Ferry. Geary's division was somewhat isolated about three miles south of the main body and he counted only 1,500 men after detaching guards along the railroad from Bridgeport.

Full battle write-up here - https://americancivilwarhighcommand.com/chronology-day-by-day/chronology-1863/1863-october-28th/

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Map of the engagement at Wauhatchie, Tenn. by Julius Bien & Co. Morris, Walter J.; United States. War Department 1895 U.S. Government Printing Office Map of the engagement at Wauhatchie, Tenn., October 28th and 29th, 1863 and of the operations of the 11th and 12th Army Corps preliminary thereto. To accompany report of Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker. This media file is in the public domain in the United States. This applies to U.S. works where the copyright has expired, often because its first publication occurred prior to January 1, 1930, and if not then due to lack of notice or renewal.


Please also see...






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...or you could ask CWT member @Rhea Cole . :smile:

Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 
2 Actions this day...

To go with post #7...

29 Oct 1863

Mississippi. Major-General William Tecumseh Sherman was ordered to leave his efforts to rebuild the railroads to a single division while he marched more quickly onwards with his other four divisions to Bridgeport, Alabama. Brigadier-General Grenville Mellen Dodge's division was left behind to restore the Tennessee & Alabama Railroad through Columbia to Nashville, and reconstruction work on the Memphis & Charleston Railroad west of Decatur was halted. Sherman's supply depot was to be established at Stevenson, which was at the junction of the two railroad lines once they were repaired. Although he had few engineers or skilled labor, Dodge's 8,000 men took only forty days of grueling manual labor to complete the reconstruction job. They rebuilt 182 bridges and a similar number of culverts while relaying 102 miles of track across northern Alabama and middle Tennessee. While they gained no glory for the impending successes at Chattanooga, they were major contributors to it.


Please also see...

Grenville Mellen Dodge

'Grenville Mellen Dodge in the Civil War: Union Spymaster, Railroad Builder and Organizer of the Fourth Iowa Volunteer Infantry' by James Patrick Morgans

'Grenville M. Dodge: Soldier, Politician, Railroad Pioneer' by Stanley P. Hirshson

The Funeral of Major General Grenville M Dodge

Grenville Dodge explains history of photo(s)

Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 
Last one for today...

To go with https://civilwartalk.com/threads/miscellaneous-naval-activities.219603/page-2#post-2914063

29 Oct 1864

Alabama. Confederate General John Bell Hood concluded that he could not afford the casualties that would ensue from a full-scale assault at Decatur and withdrew his army from that crossing point over the Tennessee River. Hood decided to move further to the west, to attempt another crossing near Tuscumbia where the Muscle Shoals shallows would prevent interference by Union gunboats. Hood decided to wait for the return of Major-General Nathan Bedford Forrest's cavalry from its raid to Tennessee as he had only two small cavalry brigades under Brigadier-General William Hicks Jackson to scout his route. Hood complained of supply shortages and dispersed his army around Tuscumbia to collect provisions. Union forces subsequently burned the city of Decatur and the railroad bridge and then shadowed Hood's progress west towards Tuscumbia. The delay was costing Hood the advantage of time which was essential to his plan to invade Tennessee before it could be strongly garrisoned by Union troops. He had already had to shift eighty miles west of his original intended crossing point at Guntersville, and now his second attempt to cross the Tennessee River had been frustrated.


Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 
30 Oct 1863

Catlett's Station, Virginia. Confederate Major John Singleton Mosby and his raiders arrived at Catlett's Station where they planned to attack a Union railroad train. Mosby placed a gun and crew on the bluff above the defile while a group severed the telegraph wire and attached it to a loosened rail. The plan was to pull the rail from the track when a train approached, forcing the train to stop or crash. A 14-car train arrived but the driver spotted the missing track and halted, just after the Confederate howitzer put a round through the engine's boiler. Mosby's men came down the bluff and the 30-man Union detachment from the 15th Vermont Infantry fled. The Confederates burned the cars and left the area.


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Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 
01 Nov 1863

Averell's West Virginia Raid

West Virginia. Expedition and Raid from Beverly and Charleston to Lewisburg and the Tennessee & Virginia Railroad began. Exploiting the absence of local Confederate troops in operations against Knoxville, Tennessee, Union Brigadier-General William Woods Averell (2nd Division, Cavalry Corps) left Beverley to capture Lewisburg and to cut the East Tennessee & Virginia Railroad. Averell headed south on the Staunton Pike towards Bartow. He led two regiments of infantry, four regiments of cavalry and mounted infantry, an independent cavalry battalion, and two artillery batteries. Meanwhile. Union Brigadier-General Alfred Napoleon Alexander Duffié left Charleston in the Kanawha Valley two days later. Duffié had two regiments of infantry, two mounted regiments and two guns from Brigadier-General Eliakim Parker Scammon's division. The plan was to converge and for the infantry to occupy Lewisburg, while the cavalry headed onwards through Union to Dublin Depot on the railroad. The railroad bridge over New River would also be destroyed when it was reached.



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Portrait of Brig. Gen. William W. Averell, officer of the Federal Army


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Portrait of Brig. Gen. Alfred N. Duffie, officer of the Federal Army


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Map & profile of the Virginia & Tennessee Rail Road 1856

Greatly expandable version here - https://tile.loc.gov/image-services...881:g3881p:rr005990/full/pct:25/0/default.jpg

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Virginia and Tennessee Railroad map Dublin. This is a portion of a map & profile of the Virginia & Tennessee Rail Road from the Library of Congress. It has had text boxes added to it. Public domain All content from Kiddle encyclopedia articles (including the article images and facts) can be freely used under Attribution-ShareAlike license.


Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 
Last edited:
02 Nov 1862

Mississippi. Capture of Orizaba and Ripley. Union Brigadier-General Ulysses Simpson Grant launched his campaign to advance from the Tennessee border and by an overland march through Mississippi to capture Vicksburg. Grant envisioned that he and 40,000 men would advance southwards along the Mississippi Central Railroad, while 32,000 men under Major-General William Tecumseh Sherman moved by river to Chickasaw Bluffs, a few miles north of Vicksburg. The two forces would then unite to attack Vicksburg from the north. The Union advanced guard moved forward to Ripley and Orizaba.


Mississippi Rails
Mississippi's Railroad History and Heritage
Ripley, Mississippi

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Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 
03 Nov 1863

Collierville, Tennessee. Confederate cavalry had launched a raid to break up the Memphis & Charleston Railroad behind Major-General William Tecumseh Sherman's XV Corps, which was marching to the relief of Chattanooga. When Brigadier-General James Ronald Chalmers, leading a cavalry division from Mississippi, learned that only one or two Union regiments were defending Collierville, he decided to attack. The Confederates launched their first attack with part of Slemon's brigade, believing faulty intelligence that it was lightly defended. The Union 2nd Iowa Cavalry opened fire with their repeating Colt revolver rifles and repulsed the attack. Surprised by the unexpected appearance of the enemy on his flanks, Chalmers concluded that he was outnumbered, called off the battle, and withdrew back towards Mississippi. The Memphis & Charleston Railroad remained open to Tuscumbia, Alabama, for Union troop movements.

Full write-up here - https://americancivilwarhighcommand.com/chronology-day-by-day/chronology-1863/1863-november-3rd/

Second Battle of Collierville
The Second Battle of Collierville took place on November 3, 1863. The outcome was a Union victory and kept the Memphis & Charleston Railroad open for Union troop movements.
Full article here - https://www.americanhistorycentral.com/entries/battle-of-collierville-november-1863/

November 3, 1863 - Action at Collierville
pdf here - https://sharetngov.tnsosfiles.com/tsla/cwsb/1863-11-Article-26-Page36.pdf

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Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 
Your railroad notes remind me that someone in the US Army of the Potomac had read extensive accounts of the British and French siege of Sevastpol. I surmise that because the besiegers built a siege railroad, first powered by horses, then eventually by steam. But the US never bothered with horses at Petersburg. Instead the US built a steam powered railroad to maintain the siege.
 
To go with post #14

08 Nov 1863

West Virginia. Union Brigadier-General William Woods Averell and Brigadier-General Alfred Napoleon Alexander Duffié left Lewisburg and headed south for the Tennessee & Virginia Railroad. Fifteen miles south of the town, they met the rear guard of Confederate Brigadier-General John Echols at Second Creek. Averell was desperately short of rations, especially for his slow-moving infantry, and decided that he could proceed no further without great risk. The column turned back to Lewisburg and abandoned the raid on the railroad. Averell's column subsequently returned to its start point at Beverly, while Duffié's troops moved to Callaghan's in the valley of the South Branch.


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Cheers,
USS ALASKA
 
Part of the history of how the Civil War turned out remains unwritten. But the US Army was answering the questions posed by von Clausewitz. Wars can be won with logistical expertise, and industrial over capacity.
The best example might be Grant's army re-establishing a position on the James River in a way different than the way it had been done in 1862. Once there the army built a modern port to receive steam powered vessels and sailing ships. The result was duplicated at Cherbourg 80 years later.
 
In terms of logistics, the US Army was able to rely on steamboat traffic to connect the Yazoo River to Memphis and St. Louis, once that happened the outcome at Vicksburg was inevitable.
The US had the manpower to build a railroad car ferry in Virginia and another one in Kentucky at Jeffersonville, IN. The US over engineered the Kentucky and Tennessee railroad according to McCallum's plan so that each individual unit could repair a break without waiting from orders from Nashville.
Generals Lee and Longstreet accomplished marvels on entrenchments and redoubts. But the US engineers were able to build a 2,000' pontoon bridge across the James River.
The system developers in places like Cincinnati, and Philadelphia, and all over the northern states were able to achieve mass production levels in everything from wagons to Springfield rifles, with a few hundred rifle artillery pieces produced at Phoenexville, PA thrown in for good measure.
The methods employed in WW2 including deploying non combat engineering units were strongly foreshadowed by the US logistical effort in the Civil War.
 

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