Accidental Shootings

Tom Elmore

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On June 29, the 149th New York encamped for the night near Taneytown, Maryland. 1st Lieutenant Willis S. Barnum of Company G was assigned picket duty for the evening, and apparently as he was checking over his pistol (revolver), it discharged a round into his foot. [Memoirs of the 149th Regt. N. Y. Vol. Inft., by Capt. George K. Collins, reprint Edmonston Publishing, Inc., 1995, pp. 131, 396]

On July 1, Private Edward L. Manderback of Company C, 149th Pennsylvania accidentally shot himself in the left hand while on picket duty. Mustering out on June 25, 1865, Manderback died in 1915. [Union Casualties at Gettysburg, by Travis W. Busey and John W. Busey, 2:983]

In the late afternoon of July 1, John Cabell Early, a teenager who was accompanying his father on the staff of Jubal Early, was riding over the battlefield north of town. The first fatality he saw was a Federal soldier who had evidently shot himself while climbing over a rail fence. A rail had fallen on the hammer of his gun; the ball struck him in the chest and came out the back of his head. [A Southern Boy's Experience at Gettysburg, by John Cabell Early, p. 418]

On the morning of July 3, Colonel Frederick H. Collier of the 139th Pennsylvania, accidentally shot himself through the foot with a pistol ball and was compelled to leave the command. He was away from the regiment for the remainder of the year. [Official Report of Lt. Col. William H. Moody, 139 PA; Nathan Divens and the 139th Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers, by David A. Murdoch, 1993, Library and Archives Division, Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh]

On July 3, Corporal James M. Chapman of Company E, 27th Indiana was killed by a musket ball in an accidental shooting. He was initially buried on William McAllister's farm but was subsequently moved to the Indiana Plot (Section E, #5) in Gettysburg's National Cemetery. Chapman had been previously wounded in two battles, Cedar Mountain and Antietam. [Union Casualties at Gettysburg, by Travis W. Busey and John W. Busey, 1:77; Twenty-Seventh Indiana Volunteer Infantry, by Edmund Randolph Brown, Monticello, IN: 1899, p. 592]

On the night of July 4, the 55th Ohio regiment was ordered to sleep on their arms. Corporal Moses Pugh of Company H used a piece of bacon rind to grease his new gun, a Richmond rifle that he picked up from a dead Confederate lying in front of Cemetery Hill. His comrades joked that the gun would turn traitor. When Pugh awoke on the morning of July 5, he removed the cap from the tube. Pressing the greasy hammer with his thumb, it slipped and the weapon discharged. The ball passed harmlessly through the blouses of three nearby comrades, but then killed the colonel's beloved horse, which was tied to a stake about 300 feet away. Colonel Charles B. Gambee was understandably incensed. He ordered Pugh's corporal stripes to be removed and demanded pay for the horse. Being short on cash, Pugh handed him an IOU note. However, on May 15, 1864, just prior to the battle of Resaca, Georgia, Gambee came to Pugh, promoted him to sergeant, and burned the note in his presence. Colonel Gambee was killed in that battle. [Military Images, July-August 1996, p. 32]

On July 8, within four miles of Frederick, Maryland, while in pursuit of the enemy after Gettysburg, Sergeant Manley Stacey of the 111th New York recalled that a soldier of Company C, 125th New York "picked up a revolver and commenced fooling with it, and shot one of his own men through the head, killing him instantly. It was an awful sight." The incident was also described by Private Charles W. Belknap of Company C, 125th New York: "About noon a man by the name of Lanshaw [?] of Co. C accidentally shot his comrade Lewis Dellair with an old horse pistol which he had found, but didn't know was loaded. The ball went through his head and he died almost instantly. He was buried on the spot." [Civil War Letters of Manley Stacey; Killed in Action, by Greg Coco]
 
It was tough being in the U.S. Navy during the Civil War, too....

1860 - 1865
Screw steamer USS Mohawk Landsman Thomas J. Stokes killed by accidental discharge of gun. 13 January 1860.
Sloop-of-War USS Levant disappeared on voyage to Panama. 155 died. Last seen in Hawaii on 18 September 1861.
Screw sloop-of-war USS Iroquois sailor killed by accidental discharge of gun. 29 January 1862.
Ironclad river gunboat Cairo steam accident. Seaman Charles R. Leavett killed. 17 February 1862.
Screw steamer USS Daylight acting Master's Mate James Corlace killed by accidental discharge of musket. 12 March 1862.
Steam gunboat USS Mercedita Seaman John Morry killed in ordnance accident. 15 March 1862.
Side wheel steamer USS Tyler Boatswain's Mate John D. Seymour killed in ordnance accident. 12 April 1862.
Mortar schooner USS C. P. Williams Landsman accidentally shot by shipmate. 29 April 1862.
Steamer USS Southfield Landsman William Morrow jumped overboard when a Confederate howitzer shot struck the steamchest. He was presumed drowned. 10 December 1862.
Ironclad USS Monitor sank off Cape Hatteras. 16 drowned. 31 December 1862.
Screw sloop USS Hartford acting Master's Mate Herbert Judson killed in ordnance accident. 22 January 1863.
Frigate storeship USS Brandywine Landsman James Bromley killed in ordnance accident. 7 February 1863.
Sloop of war Preble steam accident. Ship's Corporal William Wilson killed. 27 February 1863.
Ironclad screw steamer USS Galena Ordinary Seaman Jacob Meyers accidentally shot himself. 7 March 1863.
Side-wheel gunboat Mount Washington steam accident. Acting 3d Assistant Engineer John Healey killed. 20 April 1863.
Stern wheel gunboat USS Springfield Quartermaster John Magin killed in ordnance accident. 7 May 1863.
Screw sloop USS Mohican Seaman Thomas Conroy killed by premature cartridge explosion. 30 May 1863.
Frigate USS Sabine Seaman John Connelly killed in ordnance accident. 30 June 1863.
Single turret monitor Nahant steam accident. Fireman John Curran and Landsman Edward Coven killed. 23 July 1863.
Ironclad ram USS Tennessee Seaman Andrew Young killed in ordnance accident. 28 July 1863.
Single turret monitor Nahant steam accident. Captain of Hold William M. Dames and Carpenter's Mate John Johnson killed. 31 July 1863.
Brig USS Bainbridge capsized in a storm off Cape Hatteras. Over 90 drowned. 21 August 1863.
Side wheel steamer USS Philadelphia Seaman William Palmer killed in ordnance accident. 30 August 1863.
Side wheel steamer USS Connecticut Quarter Gunner Charles Williams killed in ordnance accident. 29 September 1863.
Ironclad gunboat USS Carondelet Gunner's Mate James Carey killed in ordnance accident. 1 October 1863.
Ironclad monitor USS Patapsco Seaman John Morris and Landsman William Cotter killed in ordnance accident. 2 November 1863.
Ironclad ram USS Choctaw acting Master's Mate Townsend Hopkins killed in ordnance accident. 15 January 1864.
Screw steamer Dragon steam accident. Ship's Corporal Philip Mullane killed. 20 January 1864.
Screw steamer Galatea steam accident. Yeoman Daniel P. Sweeney killed. 18 March 1864.
Screw frigate Wabash steam accident. 2d Class Fireman Patrick Finan killed. 21 March 1864.
Side wheel steamer Chenango boiler explosion fatally scalded 33 sailors. 15 April 1864.
Bark USS Restless Ordinary Seaman Edward Deleman killed in ordnance accident. 6 May 1864.
Stern wheel steamer USS Nymph Seaman Charles Kalanski killed in ordnance accident. 7 May 1864.
Ironclad monitor USS Neosho Seaman Timothy Coleman killed in ordnance accident. 11 June 1864.
Side wheel steamer USS Somerset Coal Heaver Robert Cliett killed in ordnance accident. 14 June 1864.
Side wheel gunboat USS Wyalusing Ordinary Seaman George C. Brooks killed in ordnance accident. 16 June 1864.
Screw Steamer USS Anacostia Landsman John J. Burger killed by accidental discharge of musket. 17 June 1864.
Side wheel steamer USS Tyler small boat accident. Carl Bauer, Jacob Cantrell and Jacob Williams drowned. 22 September 1864.
Steam gunboat USS Winona Landsman Thomas Quigley killed in ordnance accident. 9 October 1864.
Screw gunboat USS Pembina Landsman George Moose killed in ordnance accident. 11 October 1864.
Screw gunboat Tulip boiler explosion sank the ship off Maryland, killing 49. 11 November 1864.
Side wheel steamer USS Commodore McDonough, Seaman John Wilson killed from a bursting gun. 2 December 1864.
Screw gunboat USS Little Rebel Seaman Willard Brown killed by accidental discharge of musket. 6 December 1864.
Side wheel gunboat USS Peosta Seaman John Orion killed in ordnance accident. 20 December 1864.
Screw sloop USS Ticonderoga suffers burst 100-pounder. 8 killed. 24 December 1864.
Stern wheel steamer USS Marmora Landsman Daniel Crony killed in ordnance accident. 20 January 1865.
Side wheel steamer USS Tyler Seaman Eli Flood killed in ordnance accident. 20 January 1865.
Side wheel steamer USS Harvest Moon Wardroom Steward John Hazard killed by accidental torpedo mine explosion. 1 March 1865.
Screw gunboat USS Pinola Landsman Michael McLaughlin killed in ordnance accident. 13 March 1865.
Side wheel gunboat USS Cimarron Quartermaster Henry P. Little killed in ordnance accident. 22 March 1865.
Steam tug USS Ida Captain of the Top Christopher H. Howard and Ordinary Seaman John Drion killed by a torpedo mine explosion in Mobile Bay. 13 April 1865.


 
Not sure what NY regiment it was maybe the 117th?, the Colonel got so sick of his men horsing around with revolvers that he took them from his men. He gave them a receipt for the pistols and told them to claim them at the end of the war. I can see why there would be an issue with pistols as most of the soldiers were farm boys/ laborers and probably never handled a handgun before. Add that factor in with the average age of 23 and plenty of time to screw around its understandable accidents would happen.
 
It was tough being in the U.S. Navy during the Civil War, too....


That is a crazy long list! I just posted a clip from an era newspaper where a sailor was killed when a woman visited his ship and caused a fatality- her crinoline bumped something.

It's not during the Gettysburg campaign, Don Caughey's book on the 6th US Cavalry documents a trooper's death by accidental discharge of a musket. I'll have to look it up, his name and company.
 
A few members of the 50th Pennsylvania infantry were on picket duty in Petersburg. A thunderstorm came up, and one soldier was silhouetted by a flash of lightning. His comrade, jumpy already shot him in the head. They were very upset that they shot their own guy, and they laid his body by the fire in camp, and put a blanket over his head. The next morning, they were surprised to see the blanket sit up, and ask for coffee! However, the young private would not make it through the day.
 
The last man killed during the siege of Vicksburg was a member of the 38th Mississippi Infantry who was shot by accident - this is from my regimental history on the regiment:

With the negotiations complete, the 38th Mississippi Infantry formed ranks at 10:00 a.m. on July 4, and marched out in front of the earthworks they had defended so faithfully. Before the surrender was completed, the regiment was hit with one final tragedy to mark the end of the Vicksburg campaign. While the men were stacking arms, a detail behind them in the trenches was gathering up discarded weapons. One of the muskets accidentally discharged and the ball hit Private Samuel S. Miller of the White Rebels. Eleazer Thornhill vividly remembered the freak accident in his memoirs:

After we were surrendered by Gen. Pemberton to Gen. Grant of the Federal army, orders were issued to gather up all the loose guns that were lying in the ditches, and stack them up. We had marched eight or ten paces beyond our fortifications and were arranging our guns. Miller was touching me on my right and a man on the right of him. His name I have forgotten. The first gun that Lewis Guy threw up on the fortress was an old musket, loaded with buckshot. The hammer in striking the hard clay caused it to explode and six or seven shot entered Miller between the shoulders, making a slight wound in the flesh. Miller turned around and inquired who did it, and never again uttered a word. He began to fall, and I saw the blood beginning to flow from his mouth. We held him and soon life was extinct. I was one of the detail that helped bury him.
 
This is another account of an accidental shooting that took place in the 38th Mississippi just after the battle of Iuka:

I am now going to relate one of the saddest and most heart rending incidents that came under my observation during the whole war. There were two brothers in our Brigade – members I think, of the 38th Mississippi Regiment. They had not been at home since their enlistment the winter before. The day after our arrival at Baldwyn, their mother and sister arrived at the camp on a visit to them, bringing clothing and a box of delicacies from home. The two brothers had been on picket or guard duty, and came up just as the two ladies arrived at the camp. Their guns were loaded, and as they met the ladies one of them brought his gun to the ground with such force that by some means it fired, sending the whole load through the head of his brother, killing him instantly before he had time to return the salutations of his relatives. Speak of heart rending cries and lamentations, but in all my life I never heard that which followed this accident exceeded.

These brothers mentioned by Sgt. Clarke were J. G. and S. L. Leonard, members of the Van Dorn Guards from Claiborne County. In his service record, J. G. Leonard is listed as "…accidentally killed on the retreat from Iuka, September 23, 1862." His brother S. L. Leonard later deserted from the regiment and never returned. It was a bad ending to a bad campaign for the 38th that left the regiment with a tarnished reputation. But the fortunes of war gave them the chance to redeem themselves a few weeks later at the crossroads of Corinth, Mississippi.
 
Another Gettysburg related accidental shooting.

From the biography of Charles M. Lynch (Captain, Co. D, 145th Pennsylvania) in Nelson's Biographical Dictionary and Historical Reference Book of Erie County, PA.:

[After describing the charge of the 145th in the Wheatfield on July 2nd]...During a charge in the terrible contest at the foot of Round Top, Captain Hilton [Co. K], afterwards postmaster at Erie, Pa, was shot by an escaping confederate, and fell with his thigh bone splintered close to his body. Col. Lynch, who had captured several confederates, ordered two of them, amidst a deadly fire from their own forces, to assist in carrying the wounded officer to the rear. To aid in this work, he detailed Sgt. Wheeler, of Franklin Township, Company D, and a private (who was killed a few moments later by a shot from one of his own troops).....

The private killed was Private Ira Corbin of Company D, 145th Pa. He was shot through the head and killed instantly. After the battle, the regimental burial party found his body and buried it with other members of the regiment in the Wheatfield, under an apple tree. He was moved to the National Cemetery, where he rests today.
 
Another Gettysburg related accidental shooting.

From the biography of Charles M. Lynch (Captain, Co. D, 145th Pennsylvania) in Nelson's Biographical Dictionary and Historical Reference Book of Erie County, PA.:

[After describing the charge of the 145th in the Wheatfield on July 2nd]...During a charge in the terrible contest at the foot of Round Top, Captain Hilton [Co. K], afterwards postmaster at Erie, Pa, was shot by an escaping confederate, and fell with his thigh bone splintered close to his body. Col. Lynch, who had captured several confederates, ordered two of them, amidst a deadly fire from their own forces, to assist in carrying the wounded officer to the rear. To aid in this work, he detailed Sgt. Wheeler, of Franklin Township, Company D, and a private (who was killed a few moments later by a shot from one of his own troops).....

The private killed was Private Ira Corbin of Company D, 145th Pa. He was shot through the head and killed instantly. After the battle, the regimental burial party found his body and buried it with other members of the regiment in the Wheatfield, under an apple tree. He was moved to the National Cemetery, where he rests today.

I personally categorize this kind of casualty as being from "friendly fire" rather than an accidental shooting.
 
While we were in the trenches at Hagerstown, an accident happened to Capt. Ned Armstrong. He was examining a little Smith and Wesson pistol and it went off, shooting him through the palm of his hand. This excellent officer had been the most fortunate one of our regiment – had not a scratch in all the hard battles, and had never missed a battle. One of his friends joked him about it, and it mortified him greatly. Some of the trifling men had a trick of deliberately shooting off a finger or thumb, so as to avoid the battles, and a joking insinuation of this sort was hard to bear. Armstrong bore his suffering patiently, but after a few hours the pain was so great and such rapid inflammation ensued, that I had to take him in charge. He made a good recovery and was soon back at his post. [Journal of Thomas Fanning Wood, surgeon, 3rd North Carolina]

On July 10, near Boonsboro, Maryland, the men of Hampton's Pennsylvania battery lay under shelter tents to avoid the intense sun. As a joke, one of the corporals decided to place a friction primer in the vent of a gun to "wake those fellows under the caissons." What he did not know, or had forgotten, was that the piece was still loaded with a case shot round. The discharge mortally wounded Charles Rowan Bright and riddled the legs of Conrad Christian Arensberg. The latter's brother, Lewis, convinced the surgeons not to amputate Conrad's legs, and he eventually recovered. A violin player, Conrad had been the leader of the battery's string band. After the war he became a prominent figure in Pittsburgh's thriving iron industry. The corporal who had committed the deed brooded over the result until he "lost his reason" and had to be physically restrained. [The Pittsburgh Press, November 25, 1894; https://www.civilwarpittsburgh.com/...S02czwwHeP0B6lI2TrXpMkRXiWVFUCDhbz7KHtsaQeLHo; History of Hampton Battery F, Independent Light Artillery]
 
John Merrell of Battery H 1st Ohio reported for July 10, 1863.
"There was some men in a Battery joining us got fooling with one of their guns pulling off friction primers when all of a sudden the gun went off and the shell struck the caisson, wounding two men. The men did not know that the gun was loaded, but it appears that it had been loaded every since the battle at Gettysburg. It created considerable excitement in camp."
 
I should have included that John Merrell of Battery H 1st Ohio was also accidentally wounded on Nov. 6, 1863:
"Took my small revolver out of my side pocket and threw it in my tent and as I done it the cock hit against one of the standards and the pistol went off, the ball taking me in the nose and lodging in my upper jaw. As soon as I got my nose to stop bleeding I went down to the Doctor's and had him take out the ball which he did after working about half an hour."
 
I'm always interested in Stone's Bridage material, so I'm curious about Manderback. Given that he shot himself in the left hand, I got the idea that it may have happened while loading. Given that he was a member of Company C, he would not have been among the skirmishers the 149th advanced at Willoughby Run. That was Company K. If Manderback's wounding occurred on July 1, it seems likely that it would have been after the Brigade moved to Cemetery Hill. Some of the battle maps that I see place Wadsworth's and Robinson's Divisions on the evening of Day 1, but the third Division of the First Corps becomes a phantom on Cemetery Hill. Col. Dana (then commanding the brigade) says the brigade was positioned behind a stone wall facing the town. Two of the regimental reports say they were positioned in the rear of a battery for support, but do not identify the battery. One would imagine that pickets must have been sent forward, which Manderback's story tends to confirm. I am fairly certain that Tom Elmore, the originator of this thread, will have some thoughts on Manderback and where the 149th PA and its sister regiments were located on the evening of July 1.
 

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