8th Georgia Infantry Regt. (Bartow)

[Hammons]

Don Troiani - Emblems Of Valor
8th Georgia Volunteer Infantry Regiment winter 1862-63​

Not to be confused with the 8th Georgia Battalion, which is often referred to as the 8th GA Regiment online.

I have been working on some of the finer details of this unit, as I had 2 relatives in Company E. I will start with their appearance at "The Stone Bridge Battle", Bull Run/ 1st Manassas. While working my way through the timeline. This is an ongoing project, and after searching for any dedicated threads regarding this unit. I figured it was ok to start one.

Expect edits with additional information as time goes on. I will attempt to put as much information into individual posts. However, the May-Aug 1861 will probably contain only 1 to 2 Companies, as the information per individual Company is substantial.

Please feel free to comment, add information, or correct any information found in this thread!

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During the spring of 1861, Colonel F.S. Bartow began recruiting efforts across Georgia, having secured a commission as Colonel to raise a regiment for Confederate service. The regiment was primarily composed of companies that had prior experience in the Georgia Militia, with the exception of Companies H, I, and K, which formed after the attack on Fort Sumter. These companies originated from various towns across Georgia, including Rome, Savannah, Macon, Greensboro, and Atlanta, spanning counties such as Chatham, Bibb, Greene, Meriwether, Pulaski, Fulton, Oglethorpe, and Floyd.

The individual companies initially offered service to Governor Brown of Georgia with the understanding they would enter Confederate service. However, upon learning they were to remain in the state for defense, the companies independently petitioned the Confederate Government (then in Montgomery, Alabama) to be accepted for national service.

Once accepted, the companies traveled to Richmond, Virginia, arriving between May 24th and June 4th, 1861, forming nine companies initially. Company H remained in Richmond to complete its armament, and Company I was delayed by a railway accident. The 8th Georgia Volunteer Infantry was officially formed in Richmond on June 1st, 1861. The final two companies arrived at Bolivar Heights near Harpers Ferry, Virginia, between June 9th and June 15th, 1861, at which point the regiment was fully assembled for the first time.
.


Company A – "Rome Light Guard" – Floyd County – Captain E. J. Magruder
Company B – "Oglethorpe Light Infantry" – Chatham County – Captain Joseph J. West
Company C – "Macon Guards" – Bibb County – Captain Lucius M. Lamar
Company D – "Echols Guards" – Meriwether County – Captain C.W. Howard
Company E – "Miller Rifles" – Floyd County – Captain John R. Towers
Company F – "Atlanta Grays" – Fulton County – Captain Thomas L. Cooper
Company G – "Pulaski Volunteers" – Pulaski County – Captain T.D. Lawrence Ryan
Company H – "Floyd Infantry" – Floyd County – Captain John F. Cooper
Company I – "Stephens (or Greene) Light Guards" – Greene County – Captain George O. Dawson
Company K – "Oglethorpe Rifles" – Oglethorpe County – Captain George Lumpkin




Colonel Bartow was assigned his own brigade, initially formed by the 7th, 8th, 9th, and 11th Georgia Infantry Regiments, and two Battalions of Kentucky Infantry. The Kentucky Battalions were first replaced by the 1st Georgia Regulars and then later by the 59th Georgia Infantry.
The 8th Georgia participated actively in the Army of Northern Virginia's major engagements in chronological order:

• Manassas, July 21, 1861​
• Siege of Yorktown, April, 1862​
• Mechanicsville, June 27, 1862​
• Garnett's Farm, June 30, 1862​
• Malvern Hill, July 1, 1862​
• Rappahannock Bridge, August 26, 1862​
• Salem, August 27, 1862​
• Thoroughfare Gap, August 28, 1862​
• 2d Manassas, August 30, 1862​
• Chantilly, September 1, 1862​
• South Mountain, September 14, 1862​
• Sharpsburg, September 17, 1862​
• Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862​
• Suffolk, March, 1863​
• Gettysburg, July 2-3, 1863​
• Funkstown, July 7, 1863​
• Lookout Mountain, November 1863​
• Knoxville, November 29, 1863​
• Dean Station, December, 1863​
• Wilderness, May 5, 1864​
• Spotsylvania, May 8 to 19, 1864​
• Hanover Junction, May 21, 1864​
• New Hope Church, June 2, 1864​
• Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864​
• Bean Station, June 16, 1864​
• Deep Bottom, June 27, 1864​
• Petersburg, Siege of, 1864-65​
• Fort Harrison, September 28, 1864​
• Fort Gregg, April 7, 1865​
• Amelia Court House, April 7, 1865​
• Farmville, April 7, 1865​
• Appomattox, April 9, 1865​

The regiment was on special assignment on James Island near Charleston, SC, during the Battle of Chickamauga. Battles sourced: Pg. 14-15

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Basic Information that is available online or through books:

List of casualties for Manassas as printed on July 30 61

A Scythe of Fire: A Civil War Story of the Eighth Georgia Infantry Regiment is a 2002 book by Steven E. Woodworth and Warren Wilkinson. I highly recommend this book to follow the unit up to Gettysburg. It tapers off with minimal information past that.

1st Manassas- Bull Runnings site. Many photos and firsthand accounts from the Regiment.

Unit Timeline- Civil War in the East

Georgia Confederate images- a source for photos with history.

General Links-

Digital Library of Georgia -

Covering Georgia Newspapers during the war -

The 8th Georgia Volunteer Infantry Regiment 1861–1865: A Biographical Roster
by Richard Michael Allen (Editor) -

Historical Sketch and Roster Of The Georgia 8th Infantry Regiment (Georgia Regimental History) Paperback – October 21, 2015
by John C. Rigdon (Author)-

My Story of Our War for Independence: by Sgt. Franklin Alfond, Co F, 8th Georgia Volunteer Infantry by Ed Malles (Author) -

Charlotte's Boys: Civil War Letters of the Branch Family of Savannah by Mauriel Phillips Joslyn -

Pvt./LT Simon F Culpepper Company D Echols Guards letters and journal -

The Military Memoirs of a Confederate Line Officer: Captain John C. Reed's Civil War from Manassas to Appomattox - Company I Stephens Light Guards

A Confederate chronicle : the life of a Civil War survivor- Thomas L Wragg OLI then Confederate Navy.

Brigade links-

Three Hundred and Sixty-Six Days at Fort Delaware
by Gary C. Cole - member of the 7th GA Inf.

James L. Bell papers

7th Georgia Flag

Two Confederate Officers Remember Gettysburg: Col. Robert M. Powell, 5th Texas Infantry, Hood's Texas Brigade & Capt. George Hillyer, 9th Georgia Infantry– June 29, 2022
by Gregory Coco (Editor) -

Georgia boys with "Stonewall" Jackson : James Thomas Thompson and the Walton Infantry - 11th GA INF

Soldier boys in gray: A history of the 59th Georgia Volunteer Infantry Regiment – January 1, 1979 by Travis Hudson (Author)- ASIN:‎ B0006XQ6UY, Publisher: ‎Atlanta Historical Society

Story regarding a surviving son of an 8th GA member and a meeting at the Franklin battlefield-

 

[RaggedAssSecond]

Francis Stebbins Bartow (1816-1861) - Find a Grave...

Civil War Confederate Army Officer. He served in the Confederate Army at the beginning of the Civil War as a Colonel of the 8th Georgia Infantry regiment. At the July 21, 1861 First Battle of Bull Run, he was killed in action along with Brigadier General Bernard Bee while defending Henry House...

www.findagrave.com

 

[RaggedAssSecond]

Pvt. Virgil A. Stewart, Co. A, 8th Georgia Infantry, Recalls the Battle

It was on a bright, beautiful Sunday morning that one of the world’s most remarkable battles was fought. Gens. Gustave T. Beauregard and Jos. E. Johnston were the Confederate leaders, and Gen…

bullrunnings.wordpress.com

 

[RaggedAssSecond]

The following link contains images of several members of the 8th Georgia Infantry Regiment.

8th Georgia Infantry – Bull Runnings

Posts about 8th Georgia Infantry written by Harry Smeltzer

bullrunnings.wordpress.com

 

[RaggedAssSecond]

Francis Stebbins Bartow at First Manassas

One of the highest ranking Confederate fatalities at First Manassas was Colonel Francis Stebbins Bartow, whose brigade contested the Federal advance on Matthews Hill at First Manassas.

warfarehistorynetwork.com

 

[lelliott19]

First Bull Run What Happened to the First Monument - Col Francis Bartow Monument | First Bull Run & Second Manassas

Colonel Francis S Bartow, commanding the 8th and 9th Georgia at 1st Manassas, was shot through the chest while leading his Brigade. His men gathered around him in time to hear his last words which reportedly were, "Boys, they have killed me, but never give up the field" or alternatively, "They...

civilwartalk.com

 

[RaggedAssSecond]

Post-Battle Letter from William I. Taylor of the 8th Georgia Infantry | Gettysburg

In 1900, a Georgia newspaper published a letter written on July 30, 1863, by William Isaac Taylor, at that time a wounded private of Company E, 8th Georgia, who was being treated at the U.S.A. General Hospital in Chester, Pennsylvania. Such letters often contain useful ancillary information, and...

civilwartalk.com

 

[mhscogin]

read that book this past summer! great book

 

[Hammons]

Company A – "Rome Light Guards" – Floyd County – Captain E. J. Magruder


The Rome Light Guards were among three pre-war militia companies established in Floyd County, drawing their ranks primarily from Rome's most prominent families. George Barnsley, a member of the company, reflected on the composition of the regiment, noting that his company—along with the other two from Floyd County—represented the area's three main demographics: descendants of English settlers from Virginia and the Carolinas, sons of wealthy and influential citizens, and Scots-Irish families who had migrated south through the Appalachian valleys. [A Scythe of Fire; Warren Wilkinson and Steven Woodworth]

Prominent members of the company included Lieutenant Melvin Dwinell, originally from Vermont, who was the editor and owner of the Rome Weekly Courier. He would write articles and letters detailing the company's engagements and daily life as a soldier. Captain Edward Jones Magruder, a Virginia native, graduated from VMI in 1855 and led the company. Private George S. Barnsley, a local physician, documented both his own experiences and those of the regiment throughout the war..

May 28, 1861 Rome Courier​

Their uniform is described in 'A Scythe of Fire', pg. 12. " in their tailor-made uniforms, each gray coat marked with ten horizontal black stripes across the front, and each stripe having a bright brass button on each end and in the middle. Elaborate patterns of gilt embroidery trimmed collars and cuffs, along with still more brass buttons, and large epaulets sat on their shoulders fringed with even more gilt thread, while their gray trousers had a wide black stripe running down each outside leg seam. Topping off the outfit was a jaunty gray forage cap."

Pg 122 - A History of Rome and Floyd County​

Even though the description above is their pre-war uniform, which some within the company may have had. What is seen in photos in 1861 show other examples. One possible reason for this is that all the companies that made up the 8th, undertook recruiting drives before leaving Georgia for Richmond., and most pre war militia companies had a dress and fatigue uniform.

In the book A Scythe of Fire there is a photo of a magazine or news clipping that shows twenty members of the RLG with names, titled "TWENTY MEMBERS OF THE OLD ROME LIGHT GUARDS FIFTEEN OF WHOM WERE KILLED IN BATTLE. Ten are in uniform, four in blue kepis, and 1 in blue forage cap. All appear to be in gray frocks or jackets [photos are cut off at the chest], and George T Stovall's collar is black as seen in the Franks photo below. I am currently attempting to find a copy of this article which is attributed to the Warren Wilkinson's personal collection [Author of above book]. I have searched Rome newspapers and found that E. J. Magruder published the same list without photos in Rome tri-weekly courier., April 20, 1875, pg. 3. I have searched the Confederate Veteran Magazine index without any luck so far.

Pvt. Robert James Franks, Co. A, 8th Georgia Infantry
Shown with gray frock coat with either 8-9 buttons with a black collar and most likely Georgia state seal buttons. Variations of this style coat can be seen in Georgia units from 61-64.


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Weapons -
Like some other Georgia Militia units at the time they were initially armed with the U.S. Model 1855 Rifled-Muskets, however they like some others had to turn in their rifles prior to leaving the state.

Pg 131 - A History of Rome and Floyd County​

In the book A Scythe of Fire, it is claimed that the RLG left the state unarmed. However, documentation including a letter from Major E.J. Magruder confirms they turned in their rifles as ordered by Governor Brown. A separate receipt from Augusta, GA, along with Magruder's letter, indicates that they then secured 77 percussion rifles via the Confederate government prior to their departure.

The book attributes the appeal to Major Gorgas for the Model 1841 rifles to Captain John R. Towers, not Magruder. The source note for this information only lists a "CMSR" without specifying whose record it is. I have searched Towers' Compiled Military Service Record and found nothing confirming he spoke with Gorgas; the authors of A Scythe of Fire may have had access to other documents that I have not yet located.

A letter written by Private Dwinell to the Rome Courier newspaper provides further insight: it states that new members of Company E, Miller Rifles, were to be issued Muskets in Richmond. They were unhappy because they had been promised rifles. It does not state that the Miller Rifles were armed with rifles prior to this. Capt. Towers offered these men discharges, which they accepted. This account leaves open the question of whether Towers pursued an independent rearming effort like Magruder did, as no documentation has been confirmed.

Receipt for 77 Percussion Rifles from the Arsenal in Augusta, GA, issued by F. C. Murpheys (?) acting MSK.
A letter in 1863, now Major E. J. Magruder, says they were "Mississippi Rifles" and he procured them through Major J. Gorgas CS Ordnance.
**NOTE: These documents are found in John R Tower's CMSR not in E J Magruder's CMSR**​

No bayonets were issued with these rifles, a detail which potentially identifies them as unmodified .54 caliber Model 1841 Rifles.

As originally manufactured, the Model 1841 rifle was designed without provision for fixing a bayonet and was intended for use by skirmishers and light infantry, who were typically issued a large knife instead. The decision not to issue a bayonet was a key identifying feature of the original, unaltered rifles. Later modifications (starting in the mid-1850s) often involved re-boring to .58 caliber and adding a lug to accommodate a saber or socket bayonet.

Model 1841 Rifle in original configuration

Article describing the RLG having Windsor Rifles
May 28, 1861 Rome Courier

Recruiting add in the Rome Currier Feb 28, 1862
Again stating they are armed with Mississippi Rifle
The Miller Rifles have an add directly below this with no mention of them.
​

There are two articles online that assert the Rome Light Guards (RLG) were armed with the Enfield P52 Type II rifle, produced in Windsor, Vermont by Robinson & Lawrence for British Crimean War contracts. The contracts were canceled, and remaining parts sold to various states. These articles cite a seizure of weapons headed for Georgia in 1861 and claim existence of documentation and photographs linking these specific rifles to the RLG, without providing sources.

As of November 18, 2025, a news clipping (Above) is the sole document linking the specific term "Windsor Rifles" with the RLG. No corroborating photos have been located.

Crucially, Robinson & Lawrence also manufactured U.S. Model 1841 rifles with "Windsor"-marked lock plates. The term "Windsor Rifle" appears to have been a common identifier, as demonstrated by Thomas Hyde of the 7th Maine Infantry, who states in his book, Following the Greek Cross, that his unit was issued "Windsor Rifles," and members were subsequently photographed with the U.S. Model 1841.

It is possible the 77 "Percussion Rifles" issued to the RLG at Augusta, Georgia, were made by Robinson & Lawrence. However, based on Major Magruder's letter referring to the rifles as "Mississippi Rifles," the receipt showing no accompanying bayonets, and the aforementioned articles calling them "Windsor Rifles," I am of the opinion they were likely unmodified U.S. Model 1841 Rifles made in Windsor, Vermont, pending further documentation.

Equipment- The book A Scythe of Fire (pages 8–9, referencing "source 13 CMSR" in its notes) highlights a significant effort by all three Floyd County companies to procure supplies in the two weeks before they left for Virginia. They sourced equipment—including knapsacks, haversacks, canteens, and blankets—from across Georgia, Alabama, and as far afield as Louisville, Kentucky, where they attempted to acquire "large, conical Sibley tents." The tents did not arrive in time and had to be forwarded to Virginia.

A letter from Major E.J. Magruder, almost identical in nature to his communication regarding weapons, adds further detail: his representative purchased ten Sibley tents, 100 each of knapsacks, canteens, blankets, and flannel shirts, and "everything needed for the comfort of a soldier in camp," totaling $3,000.00, for which he had not yet been reimbursed.

The news clipping regarding the Windsor Rifles stated they were not equipped with accoutrements (cartridge boxes, cap pouches, bayonet scabbards, and belts). Neither Magruder nor Hall mentioned procuring these essential items in Kentucky or Georgia. This absence of records suggests they were likely acquired in Richmond, Virginia, as purchases in Winchester, Virginia, were limited only to equipment for new recruits.

Merchants in Louisville, KY offering Flannel shirting and ready made shirts.

Knapsack of PVT George T Stovall, Co A 8th GA Inf
Note* it is marked with RLG and his name in two different paints. The RLG might have been applied in KY where this Knapsack was one of one hundred or eighty purchased by a RLG member sent to Louisville to purchase equipment.
Stovall was killed July 21, 1861, and his family erected a monument at Manassas in the 1880s which still stands today.

Canteen of George T Stovall Co A 8th GA Inf
This canteen looks to have been either "Jappaned" or painted with black paint. As he has scratched his initials into the coating. This is also one of the one hundred or eighty canteens purchased in Louisville, KY.
Stovall was killed July 21, 1861

Statement to the CS Government listing what the Company had to buy when going into Confederate service on May 25th, 1861. Hall states items were purchased in Rome, GA, but Magruder states he sent Hall as a company representative to Louisville KY for the materials, in the same document, March 28th, 1863. This is most likely for the ordnance department as only those items are listed, and no clothing items.
10 Sibley tents, poles, iron tripod, chains, + pins for 89 men / 1 Wall tent + fly / 80 knapsacks / 80 canteens + straps
So via these two main documents we can either say they had 100 or 80 of each equipment item purchased.
Conjecture- it might be Magruder wanted 100 of each item and Hall was only able to procure 80 of each.

Confederates arriving at Manassas Junction in July 1861.
This sketch was made by Alfred Wordsworth Thompson.
​

When this company moved from Winchester to Bull's Run from July 18-21, 1861. They did so with minimal baggage, as mentioned in a letter published in the Rome Tri-weekly Courier on July 27, 1861. "Our men stand up wonderfully well, under the fatigue of the past two days and nights. Most of our baggage and all the tents were left at Winchester. I hear it said that these will be sent to us in a day or two."

This is confirmed by accounts from other Companies in the Regiment, along with minimal equipment worn on their march and into the battle on the 21st. The accounts of lack of food, water, and sleep during their 3-day movement to Bull's Run are common in letters home and to newspapers following the battle.

Here is a detailed timeline of the Regiment's movement from Winchester to Manassas-

"Our Regiment left camp at 1 o'clock P.M., without dinner, and only food enough in our haversacks for one meal. When a half mile out of town, we were told that the march was to Manassas. Arrived at Millwood at 6 o'clock, and to the Shannandoah River, thirteen miles from Winchester, at 9 o'clock. Four hours were consumed by the army, in fording the river. Passed the Blue Ridge through Paris Gap, and arrived at that town distant from the river, five miles, at 3 o'clock A.M., on Friday; here lay down on the ground, without blankets, and rested three hours, then resumed the march to Piedmont Station, on the Manassas Gap Railroad – distance five miles – where we arrived at 9 o'clock. Our wagons came up about noon and we got a very good dinner, ready at three o'clock. From 7 P.M., till 2 A.M. Saturday, we were on the cars between Piedmont and Manassas – detained by the rascality of the conductor, who was believed to have been bribed by the enemy, and who has since been shot."

"From breakfast Thursday morning, until after the battle on Sunday, the men of the Regiment received about sufficient food for two full meals. In this time they marched 35 miles – fording the Shannandoah, and crossing the Blue Ridge – and were for several hours, crowded in the most uncomfortable manner in the cars." SOURCE


Links-
Accounts of the Battle of Bull Run by Lt. Dwinell

Basic Information on Floyd County, Georgia
Possible photo of someone in the RLG

George T. Stovall marker - One, Two

 

[Hammons]

Company B – "Oglethorpe Light Infantry" – Chatham County – Captain Joseph J. West

****Not to be confused with the Oglethorpe Infantry of Augusta, GA, est. in 1850****

Oglethorpe Light Infantry Cartridge Box plate​

The Oglethorpe Light Infantry (OLI), was founded in Savannah, Georgia, in 1856 by John N. Lewis, taking its name from James Oglethorpe, the founder of the Georgia Colony, who led the settlement of Savannah in 1733. In 1857, Francis S. Bartow assumed command of the OLI, an appointment that significantly enhanced the organization's social prestige and prominence. Bartow was a graduate of the University of Georgia and Yale University Law School and served in the Georgia state Senate and the United States House of Representatives for two terms. He represented Chatham County as a delegate to the Georgia Secession Convention and served as one of three state representatives in the Provisional Congress of the Confederacy. While acting as chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs, he recommended the adoption of gray as the official uniform color for the Confederate Army.

Shortly after Georgia seceded from the Union, The OLI took part in the unopposed capture of Fort Pulaski on Cockspur Island, which guarded the mouth of the Savannah River.

He subsequently led the OLI into Confederate service, only to be publicly rebuffed by Governor Brown. Undeterred, he traveled to Richmond, Virginia, where he formed the 8th Georgia Regiment and was elected its Colonel.

Before departing from Savannah, the OLI held a vote, deciding to send only unmarried men to serve in Virginia, thereby earning the nickname the "Bartow's Beardless Boys". To fill the resulting vacancies, the OLI recruited additional men and was subsequently separated into two companies: Company A, which was sent to Virginia, and Company B, which remained in Savannah to garrison Fort Pulaski. Company B would later take part in the Siege of the fort and the successful defense of Battery Wagner in SC.

He was later given command of his own brigade, which included the 7th, 8th, 9th, 11th Georgia Infantry Regiments, and Pope's and Duncan's Kentucky Battalions of Infantry.

​

Only the 7th and 8th Georgia were present at the Battle of Bull Run, where General Bartow was fatally wounded while leading a charge of the 7th and remnants of the 8th. He died on the battlefield, and his brigade later erected a marble monument in September 1861. The monument was inscribed with his dying words: "Boys, they have killed me, but don't give up the fight." [see link below portrait for details]

Francis S Bartow
Post regarding his "First Monument" at Bull Run

​

The uniforms for the Oglethorpe Light Infantry (OLI) are described in the book A Scythe of Fire (page 14; see photo below). The description mentions long blue frock coats with distinctive buff-colored bib fronts, blue trousers with a broad buff stripe, and a tall shako with a white feather plume and brass OLI nameplate, complete with matching belts and white gloves.

PVT Hamilton McDervit Branch showing the OLI uniform with the dark blue trousers with Stripe trim in buff or white. Photo in the Atlanta History Center

Thomas Pilkington Purse, Jr., Co. B, 8th Georgia Infantry
Thomas was killed on July 21st 1861
He is buried in Savannah, GA.
The uniform appears to be based on the 1858 U.S. Army Frock Coat design. Notably, it features white piping, which was the standard color for U.S. Army Infantry trim before regulations specified light blue around 1851–1857. The piping might also be buff which is an off white or tan color.
*Note he is holding a Model 1855 Rifled-Musket, and the white feathers of the shako can be seen sitting on the table in the photo's bottom left corner.
[photo thought to be taken in Savannah, GA, before May 21st, 1861]

Benjamin Snyder Purse
Brother of Thomas Purse
Benjamin stayed in GA with Co. B of the OLI
He did join Company A OLI in the 8th GA, when is unknown as he does not show on rolls until Aug 15 1862 when he is admitted to Chimborazo Hospital No 5 in Richmond, VA, for typhoid fever.
Showing knapsack, waterproof cover for forage cap, a leather canteen sling with roller buckle, and possible enameled haversack strap.

Pvt. Henry Manley Parnell and comrade, Co. B, 8th Georgia Infantry
Parnell would have been 18 in this photo, it is suspected he is on the right as seen.
*Note they still maintain the blue "McDowell style" Forage Cap, the one on the left has brass letters of OLI and retains the blue trousers with white or buff piping. Also the slight difference in collars to include the left and right of each coat, button placement, and sleeve attachment showing these were most likely made by two different women of the OLI. The stripe on the pant leg could be black or blue.

​

Pvt. Michael Philip Usina, Co. B, 8th Georgia Infantry
*Note the Brass on his cap, top to bottom, 8, GA, OLI, which must have been placed on the cap while in Virginia. He would later captain a Blockade runner for the Confederate Navy. Why he has additional chevrons at the elbow is unknown.​

The Parnell and Usina photos were likely taken in Virginia (Richmond, Harpers Ferry, or Winchester), as Usina's cap bears the "8 GA" insignia, a designation the OLI only received while in Richmond on June 1, 1861. The shift from the original dark blue militia uniforms to the "gray" frock coats with epaulets and striped trousers most likely originated from a massive effort by the ladies in Savannah tied to the OLI.

A primary source letter from Charlotte Branch, dated June 17th, detailed how she and others had met with Mrs. Bartow on Saturday, [June 15th, 1861], following a request in the local paper. She described a rapid production process, making four uniforms in just days for Sanford Branch, Hamilton Branch, Private James E. Carolan, and Private Francis Lentz (the latter two presumably because they lacked local family support). She was able to write again on June 20th that the uniforms had already been sent to Virginia. This 3-5 day turnaround demonstrates the urgency for immediate uniforms, aligning with another account from Pvt. T. L. Wragg, who noted in a letter sent on July 18 that their "new uniform arrived here two or three days ago." This effort is particularly interesting because it suggests an immediate need for additional or fatigue uniforms, even though the OLI was likely one of the most completely equipped companies leaving Georgia.

L-R: John, Hamilton, Sanford Branch
Source: Charlotte's Boys: Civil War Letters of the Branch Family of Savannah
by Muriel Joslyn​

In Richmond, VA they established The Savannah Relief Committee (SRC) in June 1861 in order to address the needs of the Companies sent by that city. So they did not send their uniforms into Milledgeville for distribution to GA troops, but sent directly to Richmond by care of the SRC. One possible reason for this is due to the very public feud between Col. Bartow and Gov. Brown that had been published in multiple newspapers. [Source: see above link].

Based on the call for uniforms and clothing to be made in the color or close to the one stated in the Georgia Uniform Regulation. It appears that they attempted to source as much of the same color fabric as possible as seen in two different photos of the same pattern coat with the same cloth. [See the Parnell and Usina photos above]

The Savannah Republican 13 June 1861

Col. Francis Bartow's Hat and Sash as worn at Bull Run​

Uniform Accounts - There are accounts of the 8th fighting in shirts rather than their coats. accounts from Companies B and I mention this.

"I went down into the yard, and was convinced that they did not see the flag. I jerked off my blue shirt, tied my undershirt to a pole, and climbed the chimney to an out-house." Pvt. James B. Grant, Co. B, 8th Georgia, July 21, 1861

Weapons - The OLI had been an established militia company before 1861, and the fact that a Congressman was their commander showed that they were well equipped with the most modern firearms of the day.. The OLI were armed with the Model 1855 Rifled-Musket, though it is reported that they were armed with "Harpers Ferry 1855 rifles". There were two main variations of this model: the 3-band Rifled-Musket and the 2-band Rifle, with each having multiple types. From Pvt. Purse's photo above, we can determine they were armed with the 3-band Model 1855 Rifled-Musket. [It is not known if they utilized the tape primer designed for it]

This was almost not the case when Governor Brown ordered all units going to Virginia to turn in their Georgia arsenal-supplied arms before departing. Captain Bartow did not have this and was determined to leave the state armed. On May 21st, they departed for Augusta, en route to Richmond, they received word that Governor Brown had ordered them to be disarmed upon reaching Augusta. To avoid this, they detoured and took the most direct route to the state line, making it out of the state with no further issue. The dispute started with the Confederate Congress on May 1st 1861, appointing Jefferson Davis Commander in Chief "assumes control of all military operations in your State, having reference to or connected with questions between your State and powers foreign to it"
So, in Bartow's mind, he was well within his rights to take the arms or any other items issued by the State to Richmond in service of the Confederate Government.
[State Rights in a Crisis: Governor Joseph E. Brown Versus President Jefferson Davis Joseph H. Parks The Journal of Southern History Vol. 32, No. 1 (Feb., 1966), pp. 3-24 (22 pages)]
​

​

A presentation sword given to Lieutenant William Bulloch Jackson by the non-commissioned officers and privates of the Oglethorpe Light Infantry, January 8th, 1858, survives. He stayed back with the newly formed Co. B of the OLI; however, it is a good representation of one type of sword issued to members of the OLI.​

SOURCE​

This Model 1833 Dragoon Pattern Saber was owned by First Lieutenant William F. Shellman of the OLI. Shellman held the rank of 4th Sergeant in the OLI militia before the Civil War. Upon the OLI's induction into Confederate service, he was initially listed as a Private. He earned a promotion to Second Lieutenant in December 1861 and later served as the regiment's Adjutant.
The exact circumstances of how or where Shellman obtained the saber remain unknown. However, evidence suggests such weapons were available to the militia units prior to their deployment. The book 'A Scythe of Fire' notes The Rome Light Guard holding a wedding ceremony for Captain Magruder right before departing, marched under an arch formed by 80 sabers, confirming the access to these items before leaving for Virginia. [SOURCE]​

SOURCE: The Horse Soldier
​

Equipment- Based on the reference material, the troops were issued buff leather cross belts and a waist belt. However, a photograph from the Purse collection clearly shows them utilizing black leather equipment instead. While the specific design of the cross belt plate and waist belt buckle in that photo remains unclear, archaeological evidence provides additional context. Dug examples of "OLI" (Oglethorpe Light Infantry) box plates have been recovered in Virginia (see the first photo in the post). Some early 1861 photographs of Georgia soldiers show them wearing Georgia state seal buckles and cross belt plates that appear to be either the standard Federal Eagle design or are simply unidentifiable.​

Enlarged Photo of Pvt. Thomas Purse
Note the size of the belt buckle

Unidentified Georgia Soldier
Though this Soldier is unknown, he could easily fit into the OLI photos with the Frock Coats with epaulets

​

The knapsack identified in the Purse photograph above appears to be a French-style, made from black leather or oilcloth and buff leather, featuring an integrated leather or oilcloth valise/blanket cover.

While specific details are limited, comparisons with contemporary gear suggest a range of possibilities for other items:​

• Canteens: These were likely made of unpainted/raw or painted wood or tin, potentially with fabric covers, as seen in other period images. [Conjecture but they may have even had 1858 canteens considering some of the rest of the equipment.]​
• Blankets: Various colors were likely used.​
• Haversacks: These may have resembled styles from the Mexican War era or common civilian designs, and could have been treated with enamel or left untreated.​

Ultimately, without definitive documentation or photographs, the precise appearance of their full array of equipment remains an educated inference drawn from comparisons with other items of the era. Crucially, the Purse photos offer more insight into the May 21st, 1861 Georgia departure uniforms than most other available documentation.

One account might shed some light on the opinion of federal troops at Bull Run - "I am convinced of one thing – that all this talk about the Federalists being starved, unclothed, and unenthusiastic is absolute fudge. We cannot compare with them in the perfection of equipments and general preparations. Their haversacks were full; their blankets are magnificent; their canteens and other conveniences are ingenious, their medical accommodations are superb." P. W. A., Co. B, 8th Georgia Infantry, On the Battle, Savannah Republican, July 23rd 1861.

Knapsacks were carried despite the main baggage being loaded onto wagons or trains. Thomas Wragg, who was detailed to the quartermaster for baggage duty, confirmed this in a July 18, 1861, letter to his father, stating that "knapsacks lightly packed for a long march."

Links-

The Oglethorpe Light Infantry of Savannah, in peace and in war : a brief sketch of its two companies

REMINISCENCES OF SERVICE WITH THE FIRST VOLUNTEER REGIMENT OF GEORGIA, Charleston Harbor, in 1863 - Covers Company B of the OLI

Book https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BQZGLNQC/ref=aod_recs_desktop_prsubs_1

Michael Usina Boy Captain - https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/sav-bios-lane/120/

Article Savannah Daily morning news May 22 61. OLI departure and roster-
https://gahistoricnewspapers.galileo.usg.edu/lccn/sn82015886/1861-05-22/ed-1/seq-2/

Hamilton Branch in OLI dress uniform date unknown - https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/data/dlg/turningpoint/pdfs/dlg_turningpoint_ahc0198v-030.pdf

14 Georgia state buttons worn by Addison Reese Tinsley

A Confederate chronicle : the life of a Civil War survivor- Thomas L Wragg OLI then Confederate Navy. he was also the next door neighbor to the Branch family.​

​

 

[Hammons]

Company C – "Macon Guards" – Bibb County – Captain Lucius M. Lamar
The Macon Guards (MG) were established in 1846 during the Mexican-American War. They originated from the Macon Volunteers, a group that had previously seen action in the Second Seminole War (also known as the "Florida War") of 1836. Following the United States' declaration of war on Mexico on May 13, 1846, states were requested to form volunteer militia units. A disagreement arose within the Macon Volunteers regarding the duration of service; some favored the 12 months required for federal service, while others preferred the shorter 6-month state service. Unable to reach a unanimous decision, the group chose to form a new, distinct unit, the Macon Guards, specifically committed to the 12-month federal term.

The Macon Guards were among the first ten companies from Georgia to volunteer for the war and were initially designated the 1st Regiment of Georgia Volunteers. Their final assignment was as Company C, 1st Battalion, 1st Georgia Regiment, serving alongside other units like the Columbus Guards, Richmond Blues, Canton Volunteers, and Crawford Guards. Despite their participation in major campaigns, including Monterey, Tampico, Vera Cruz (under General Jackson), Alvarado, and Cerro Gordo, the Macon Guards themselves were never directly engaged in battle, often arriving too late or not being utilized in the fighting. They were demobilized on May 5th, 1847, and shortly thereafter, boarded transports for their return journey to Georgia.

The Macon Guards were again formed on April 15th, 1861, and were accepted into Confederate service on May 21st, 1861. Originally designated Co C, 2nd Regiment Georgia Volunteer Infantry, they were replaced by the Semmes Guards and became Co C of the 8th Regiment Georgia Volunteers.

One of the challenges in researching this company is the fact that there were Multiple Macon Volunteer companies in different units during the war. It seems many confuse the Macon Guards for the Macon Volunteers, their older parent unit.

The Macon Guards provided state service in Georgia from April to May 1861. Their primary duty was garrisoning Tybee Island from April 20 to May 27, where they constructed sand batteries and served as beach pickets. During this time, they were attached as Company C (1st) of the 2nd Georgia Infantry.

Their status changed when they were accepted for Confederate service on May 21, leading to the conclusion of their Georgia duties. The company returned to Macon on May 27. They quickly mobilized, departing Macon on the night of May 28 for Richmond, Virginia. Upon arrival by June 2, they were formally mustered into the Confederate States Army by Captain J. Scott.

​

Uniforms -

William Morgan Bearden Macon Guards (L) and his Brother (R) Rufus Morgan Bearden Bibb County Cavalry, Nov 1860 - May 1861
William was wounded on July 21, 1861
*Note William is holding an Enfield pattern rifled-musket, possibly a pattern 1852 type II with spring catches as the barrel bands do not appear to have screws. The photo has had the trim on William's coat, fringed epaulets, shako cord and top feathers tented light blue. His front bib is possibly red. The Macon Guards voted on on Nov 24th, 1860 to wear the Blue cockade for secession on the left breast of the uniform.

Though the Macon Guards (MG) were on Tybee Island in support of Fort Pulaski, the description of dress and activities (above) would be similar. The flannel shirt was a common fatigue uniform item both North and South. This is evident in an article published in multiple states describing what the soldier should take on campaign. This article seems to have been taken into account by countless volunteer companies. Also, merchants confirm this by offering this in almost every major city in every state, as seen in newspaper ads.

General Journals and Messages, Macon Ga. June 19 1861
Showing the packages to include clothing being sent into Virginia from June to July 61​

Links-

Civil War Macon: The History of a Confederate City

Roster

Georgia units

 

[Hammons]

Company D – "Echols Guards" – Meriwether County – Captain C.W. Howard


Organization -
In April 1861, the Echols Guards were formed in Meriwether County, commanded by Captain C. W. Howard of Greenville. They completed a month of training at Warm Springs Camp Ground, marched to Grantville, Georgia, and entrained in May. Traveling the Western & Atlantic Railroad through Chattanooga, they reached Virginia on May 28, 1861, and were officially assigned as Company D of the 8th Georgia Regiment three days later, on June 1st.


Weapons- The company left Georgia carrying only pistols and knives, a fact noted by John W. Culpepper while traveling through Tennessee en route to Richmond. In contrast, Captain Howard's younger brother, Rufus Alvin Howard, and several other recruits managed to acquire rifles on their journey to the company. These recruits are likely the ones mentioned in the equipment section document. The unit was likely armed with Flint to Percussion 1818/22/30 or Model 1842 Muskets, which were available in Richmond at that time. Interestingly, while Culpepper mentioned visiting the arsenal in Richmond and noting that 30,000 rounds were made daily, he made no mention of receiving arms or the specific type of weapons he saw.

Weekly Standard, NC, 10 July, 1861 - 'Camp two miles north of Winchester', 20 June, 1861​

Equipment- At this time it is unknown when they received their equipment be it in GA or VA or both. We do know they had knapsacks, some blankets, and oil cloths once they left Richmond for Harpers Ferry due to PVT John W. Culpepper's multiple accounts. Until further documentation can be obtained, it is likely they carried similar equipment to the Rome Light Guards, and those seen in GA and VA prior to July 21st 1861.

PVT Hugh H Miller, Paulding Volunteers, Company C, 7th Georgia Infantry​

The full equipment shown for the Paulding Volunteers (Company C, 7th Georgia Infantry) offers a potential comparison point. Despite serving in separate regiments, PVT John W. Culpeper had extensive connections to the 7th Georgia and mentioned them frequently. This uniform and gear could serve as a model for the equipment seen in use by the Echols Guards.

Similar SR documents exist for other companies for the same time period
C. W. Howards CMSR

Captain Malone reported that the company had to procure its own tents and equipment between June 18 and 25, 1861, due to the absence of a regimental Quartermaster at the time. The tents were utilized by the entire company, and the equipment was provided to new recruits enlisted at Winchester, Virginia. He eventually received partial reimbursement totaling $180 for the eight wall tents in March 1863.
Located in John R Towers and Hugh E Malone CMSR
7 large wall tents for 83 men / 1 large wall tent / Cash paid for knapsacks, haversacks, canteens + straps + cap belts $41.50

"Monday June 4th. [1861] We have received orders to go to Harpers Ferry. We are to leave tomorrow. - Tuesday 5th. It has been as certained {sic} that we can not leave today, not being fully equipt.{sic} We have been expecting to get "Tent Cloths", but have failed, and the Capt has sent back to Georgia for them; consequently we will march without them and have them sent to Harpers Ferry. We will leave at 1 o'clock tomorrow." [J. W Culpepper Diary]​

Accounts -

"We were compelled to sleep on the ground in the open air. But we all enjoyed finely, I think it the most healthy way of living, provided it doesn't rain. The thick pines were proof against dew, consequently we fared sumptiously {sic}, after eating a hearty supper served up with our own hands." [J.W. Culpepper is still without tents near Harpers Ferry]

"though we were not armed, only with pistols and knives" - [John W. Culpepper in TN en route to Richmond]
"They make about 30000 rifles and musket cartridges per day, besides filling bombs." [J. W. Culpepper describing the output of the Richmond Arsenal per day in June 1861]

"Took a line of march, as we supposed, for Winchester. It was very warm and we had to carry napsacks on our backs. We marched about 2 miles when the Capt. told us to put our napsacks in the baggage wagon." [J.W. Culpepper regarding the march to Charlestown en route to Winchester]

"That we must put every thing in the wagon we could possibly do without, That when the enemy run we must not brake ranks to run after them etc." [J.W. Culpepper regarding actions at Winchester]

"The climate is as cold here as March and April in Ga, but the sun is very hot in the middle of the day. The nights are very cool. I feel quite pleasant under from 2 to 4 blankets. - Particularly from midnight till day. We had a considerable storm last night, but there WAS Very little rain." [ J.W Culpepper commenting on the Virginia weather near Winchester.]

"Nothing of interest transpired till Saturday night {June 23rd}, when we received orders to prepare provisions for 3 days; as we would leave at sun up the next morning , for Martinsburg, where we would meet the enemy. It was then 9 or 10 o'clock; but there was no other alternative but to get out of bed and go to cooking. The boys told me they cooked till about 2 o'clock." [ J.W. Culpepper describing cooking 3-day rations]

"It filled my heart with sadness, as I beheld the familiar face and set form of one of Ga. brave sons, who but an hour ago, was in good health, and now cold in death. He was putting a trunk in a wagon when his pistol fell from his pocket and fired, the ball entering his left breast and ranging upward. He died in about 10 minutes" [J.W. Culpepper, describing an incident in camp near Winchester, note privates still carrying pistols brought from home.]

"It almost seemed, when we saw Judge Howard, that we were in old Greenville. They left Mr. Abrahams in town who came over this evening. They told us, it was reported in Ga, that we had fought a great battle, and that, Col. Bartow had been killed and the regiment cut to pieces." [J.W. Culpepper, June 30th, 1861, odd foreshadowing of 1st Manassas]

" We were ordered to be ready for inspection of arms, napsacks etc. at 9 o'clock a.m. As soon as we got to the appointed place it commenced {colloq.} raining." "We received various orders yesterday evening. One was, that no one should carry pistols except commissioned officers, that they should be given up to Capts. of companies, to be disposed of as owners desired." [J.W. Culpepper June 31st 61]

"We were called into line this morning, and the sizes of our heads ascertained. I suppose the object is to get us hats. We drill about 6 hours a day, two thirds of that time "Double Quick." [J.W. Culpepper]

"The boys regretted to give up their pistols; but a majority sent them home by Judge Howard. Mr. Abrahams bought a great many, to carry {colloq.} to Ga. for officers." [J.W. Culpepper]

"We got rails and all the planks we could find, and made a sort of tent frame which we covered with our oil cloths. By this means we managed to fix up a very comfortable resting place." [J.W. Culpepper July 6th 61]





Links-
John Wesley Culpepper Journal

Pvt/1LT John R Culpepper - His brother Noah S Culpepper served in Co. G, 7th GA Inf in the same Brigade. His cousin Simeon F Culpepper served with him in Co D, 8th GA Inf.

Brooks of Honey and Butter: Plantations and People of Meriwether County, Georgia, Volume 1

Obituary – Capt. Columbus W. Howard, Co. D, 8th Georgia Infantry

MY U. D. C. ANCESTOR SIMEON FLETCHER CULPEPPER (By Louise C[ulpepper] Murphy)

 

[Hammons]

Company E – "Miller Rifles" – Floyd County – Captain John R. Towers

Organization -

This company was established in 1859 as a cavalry unit named the Floyd Cavalry. It's Captain, John R. Towers, primarily recruited young farmers from the area surrounding Cave Spring, Georgia. Towers attempted to offer his company to Governor Brown before the attack on Fort Sumter, but was initially refused.

After the attack on Fort Sumter, he offered his services again, but by this point, the state was no longer accepting new cavalry companies. Consequently, in mid-April 1861, Towers reorganized the unit as an infantry company and renamed it the Miller Rifles, honoring Homer Virgil Milton Miller, a prominent local physician.

While the company was predominantly composed of farmers and laborers, it included brothers Charles M. Harper and Armistead R. Harper, nephews of Alfred Shorter, a high-profile businessman from Rome. Charles enlisted as a private, while Armistead was elected as a junior second lieutenant within the company, later resigning his position and transferring to the 1st GA Cavalry, eventually becoming its commanding officer.

May 30, 1861 Rome Courier
​

Uniforms-

Floyd Cavalry 1859-60
Company of Military Historians issue 164
plate 645
You can order a copy of the issue or the plate separate from the link above

Miller Rifles Don Troiani

"Thomas Wesley Asbury (1841-1919) and Simeon Asbury (d.1864) both served as Privates in the 8th Georgia Infantry, Company E and enlisted on the 14th of May 1861. Simeon Asbury was killed on 28th of June 1864 [1862?] at the Seven Days Fight in Richmond, Virginia. Thomas was later promoted to 2nd Lieutenant in the 1st Infantry Cavalry Regiment of Georgia, Company C. "
Note lack of black trouser stripe, and the L frock may not have top stitching while the R frock is easily seen.

PVT Augustus Monroe Boyd
He would later be elected in February 1862 to 2nd LT then resign in June 1862. It is unclear when this photo was taken but does show a similar nine button frock coat seen in 1861. He shows a black stripe on the trousers, and what appears to be a blue kepi or forage cap with light color tape edging on a rather large crown. His brother Julius Warren Boyd was captain of Co H, 20th GA INF.​

The type of frock coat seen in photos of this company and others is documented in an example with VA state buttons it is made out of dyed jean wool and lining as seen from the fading pattern in the inside of coat. Smithsonian collection

The right and left photos are from an unidentified photo set from the Horse Soldier with a possible link to the Rome Light Guards. The center photo is of Captain/Col. John R Towers of Co E later Regt. Comd.

​

Weapons-

June 11th 1861 Rome Courier
M. Dwinell, Rome Light Guards Co A, 8th GA INF
The original article cited in 'A Scythe of Fire'
As read this does not infer that only the 15 members did not get rifles, while the rest of the Company did.
I have yet to find documentation or comments of what arms this company received. Jordan (Jourdan) Reese rejoined the company at some point as he died from wounds at 1st Manassas

Silas Embry 1861, he would later join Co I, 42 GA Inf in 1862.
He was one of the 12-15 given discharges due to not being issued rifles.
*Note the Blue McDowell cap in civilian clothes


​

Links-
Roster

Map book belonging to Col. John R Towers

​

 

[RaggedAssSecond]

Calm Before the Storm: 8th Georgia Infantry Regiment in the Northern Shenandoah Valley, 1861

After Virginia's secession in 1861 and the start of the Civil War, General Joseph E. Johnston and his men experienced an idyllic summer in the northern Shenandoah Valley.

www.historynet.com

 

[Hammons]

That is written by the authors of 'A Scythe of Fire". The information and writing style looked familiar.

Calm Before the Storm: 8th Georgia Infantry Regiment in the Northern Shenandoah Valley, 1861

After Virginia's secession in 1861 and the start of the Civil War, General Joseph E. Johnston and his men experienced an idyllic summer in the northern Shenandoah Valley.

www.historynet.com

 

[RaggedAssSecond]

 

[Hammons]

Company F – "Atlanta Grays" – Fulton County – Captain Thomas L. Cooper





Uniforms- 'A Scythe of Fire' pg. 19 "They wore gray trousers and a nine-button, tight fitting gray shell jacket with dark blue edging around a stand up collar and three more brass buttons on each cuff. Instead of a jaunty cap or tall shako , the Grays wore a plain broad-brimmed slouch hat." Based on the below two photos they also wore a kepi with a dark blue band.

PVT Richard C Johnson
Atlanta Grays, Co F 8th GA Inf​

SGT William A Powell
Atlanta Grays, Co F 8th GA Inf
Photo most likely taken in VA, as he is armed with a Flint to percussion 1816/22/30 musket​

Weapons- They were most likely issued the 1816/22/30 flint to percussion conversions as seen in the Powell photo.

Maj. J. Gorgas shows on hand at the Richmond Arsenal turned in from Lexington VA, May 29, 61 - 3,160 muskets altered to percussion, 840 percussion muskets model 1842.

 

[Hammons]

All above posts have been updated as of the date of this post.

I will continue to add additional information for Co G, H, I, and K in future posts. I have additional information and thoughts on specific uniform or equipment items but will post separately.

My goal for this is to show my research in "almost" real time. It is more of a collection of sources with my own opinions added.

I will attempt to provide all the information I find for this unit from 61-65.

Again if anyone has additional information, questions, thoughts, or corrections please feel free to add them. I do not know everything and I would like this to be a source for others in the future to use or add to.

I hope everyone has a safe and fun Thanksgiving weekend!

 

[RaggedAssSecond]

All above posts have been updated as of the date of this post.

I will continue to add additional information for Co H, I, and K in future posts. I have additional information and thoughts on specific uniform or equipment items but will post separately.

My goal for this is to show my research in "almost" real time. It is more of a collection of sources with my own opinions added.

I will attempt to provide all the information I find for this unit from 61-65.

Again if anyone has additional information, questions, or thoughts please feel free to add them. I do not know everything and I would like this to be a source for others in the future to use or add to.

I hope everyone has a safe and fun Thanksgiving weekend!

@Hammons I hope you and yours have a Happy Thanksgiving ! I very much enjoy your research on the 8th Georgia!

 

[Hammons]

It is extremely difficult to discern trim colors from vintage photos; black and dark blue tones are essentially indistinguishable in grayscale images. I have yet to find any written description from the period that mentions blue trim on the Atlanta Grays' coats.

The only relevant visual evidence is a photograph of a 1st Florida First Sergeant, where the photographer chose to color the tape trim blue. While this doesn't offer proof for the AG unit, it at least provides an example of an Atlanta-made coat where blue trim was possibly used.

George Cornelius Richwood