Lee's Optimal Re-Organization before Gettysburg (The Extra Brigades)

Wizard of Cozz

Sergeant Major
Joined
Aug 20, 2021
So I've been putting together an Order of Battle for the Army of Northern Virginia IF Davis had sent the requested brigades Lee had asked for (Corse, Jenkins, Ransom, and Cooke). Now I think "Shanks" Evans brigade was also possibly one considered but I've seen conflicting evidence on that, so I didn't include it in the order of battle.

So I've got a few questions, and I'd also like to get everyone's thoughts on how this looks.

1.) II Corps command - So I'm not sold on Ewell, I know Lee asked for his promotion, but I'm wondering if there is a scenario where Lee ultimately is too worried about Ewell's loss of a leg, and goes a different direction. In this scenario I promoted Early, but I could also see Anderson or Hood. I think Hood is too young, so I don't see Hood getting it. Anderson has seniority of command, but isn't in the 2nd corps nor is he known to that corps. So I went with Early, but I could see a scenario where Anderson gets it, if that happened, then Wilcox would get Anderson's division would be my guess, as he has seniority, and I know he was considered for division command during the re-organization before Gettysburg.

2.) Early's Division - I ultimately placed Trimble in command of the Division. I could also see a scenario where Hays commands the division until Trimble is ready, but not being promoted to MG, Trimble then makes himself available for the campaign and then assumes command of the division. Couple of questions here, was there any way to remove William Smith? I know books talk about how he was out of his depths, and I know after the campaign he ultimately moved from command? I know he was governor-elect, possibly Lee could of let him know how important being governor was, and that he couldn't be killed in combat, and therefore a better officer promoted or moved in his place?

3.) BIGGEST QUESTION - 3rd Corp organization - So the movement of Richard Anderson's division is easy as that division stays roughly the same. How the other two divisions are organized is another matter. So I read that Lee initially plans to have the Light Division stay mostly intact, and then put Ransom, Cooke, Pettigrew, and Davis together (Which would be a huge division 10,000 men in just 4 brigades). Now does Robert Ransom command that division?? What about shifting Heth's brigade out of Light Division over to that division and then promoting him? If Heth's brigade doesn't get moved out, AND Ransom takes over the division, then who ultimately gets the Light Division? Heth or Pender. I'm under assumption that Heth with seniority would get it. But Lee seemed really eager to also promote Pender. What are you all's thoughts?

4.) Misc. changes - So I made a few slight changes to the OOB that I thought made practical sense. I detached the 55 NC from Davis brigade and attached it to Ramseur. I know Lee was looking for reinforcements for that brigade, and this still leaves Davis with 1800+ troops. Secondly, I took Jenkins and attached him to Hood instead of Pickett. Them being from SC fits more with Hood or McLaws Division then with Pickett, and they ultimately went out with Hood to Tennessee, so I don't think this is out of realm of possibility. This also gives the best divisional commander in the I. Corps the largest division. I left E.A. O'Neal in command of his regiment and moved Battle up instead, I know that's what Rode's preferred.

Army of Northern Virginia
General Robert E. Lee

  1. Corps - LtG James Longstreet (25,638 men)
    1. Kershaw's Division -MG Joseph Kershaw(7,160 Men)
      1. Kershaw's Brigade (SC) -BG John Henagan
        1. 2nd SC - Col. John Kennedy
        2. 3rd SC
        3. 7th SC
        4. 8th SC -
        5. 15th SC
        6. 3rd SC BT
      2. Semme's Brigade (GA) - BG Paul Semmes 03/11/1862
        1. 10th GA
        2. 50th GA - Col. William Manning
        3. 51st GA
        4. 53rd GA - Col. James Simms
      3. Wofford's Brigade (GA) - BG William Wofford 01/17/1863
        1. 16th GA - Col. Goode Bryan
        2. 18th GA
        3. 24th GA
        4. Cobbs' GA Legion
        5. Phillip's GA Legion
        6. 3rd GA Sharpshooters
      4. Barksdale's Brigade (MS) - BG William Barksdale 08/12/1862
        1. 13th MS -
        2. 17th MS
        3. 18th MS
        4. 21st MS - Col. Benjamin Humphrey's
      5. CABELL's ARTILLERY BATTALION
    2. Pickett's Division - MG George Pickett (7,264 men)
      1. Garnett's Brigade (VA) - BG Richard B. Garnett 11/14/1861
        1. 8th VA - Col. Eppa Hunton
        2. 18th VA
        3. 19th VA
        4. 28th VA
        5. 56th VA
      2. Kemper's Brigader (VA) - BG James Kemper
        1. 1st VA
        2. 3rd VA - Col. Joseph Mayo Jr.
        3. 7th VA - Col. W.T. Patton
        4. 11th VA
        5. 24th VA - Col. William Terry
      3. Armistead's Brigade (VA) - BG Lewis A. Armistead 04/01/1862
        1. 9th VA
        2. 14th VA
        3. 38th VA
        4. 53rd VA - Col. W.R. Aylett
        5. 57th VA
      4. Corse's Brigade (VA) - BG Montgomery Corse 04/22/1862
        1. 15th VA
        2. 17th VA
        3. 30th VA - Col. Archibald Harrison
        4. 32nd VA
      5. DEARING's ARTILLERY BATTALION
    3. Hood's Division - MG John B. Hood (10,282)
      1. Law's Brigade (AL) - BG Evander Law 10/02/62
        1. 4th AL
        2. 15th AL - Col. William Oates
        3. 44th AL - Col. William Perry
        4. 47th AL
        5. 48th AL - Col. James Sheffield
      2. Robertson's "TEXAS" Brigade (TX) - BG Jerome Robertson 11/01/62
        1. 3rd AR - Col. Van Manning
        2. 1st TX
        3. 4th TX
        4. 5th TX
      3. Anderson's Brigade (GA) - BG George "Tige" Anderson 11/01/62
        1. 7th GA
        2. 8th GA
        3. 9th GA
        4. 11th GA
        5. 59th GA
      4. Benning's Brigade (GA) - BG Henry Benning 01/17/63
        1. 2nd GA
        2. 15th GA - Col. Dudley Dubose
        3. 17th GA
        4. 20th GA
      5. Jenkin's Brigade (SC) - BG Micah Jenkins 06/22/1862
        1. 1st SC
        2. 2nd SC
        3. 5th SC
        4. 6th SC - Col. John Bratton
        5. Hampton's Legion
        6. Palmetto Sharpshooters
      6. HENRY's ARTILLERY BATTALION
    4. I. Corp Artillery Reserve - Col. J.B. Walton

  1. Corps - LtG Jubal Early (22,0624 Men)
    1. Trimble's Division - MG Isaac Trimble 01/17/63 (5,740 Men)
      1. Gordon's Brigade - BG John B. Gordon 04/07/63
        1. 13th GA
        2. 26th GA
        3. 31st GA - Clement Evans
        4. 38th GA
        5. 60th GA
        6. 61st GA
      2. Hoke's Brigade - Col. Isaac Avery
        1. 6th NC
        2. 21st NC - Col. W.W. Kirkland
        3. 57th NC - Col. A.C. Godwin
      3. Smith's Brigade - BG William Smith 01/31/63
        1. 13th VA
        2. 31st VA
        3. 49th VA
        4. 52nd VA
        5. 58th VA
      4. Hay's Brigade - BG Harry Hays 07/25/62
        1. 5th LA
        2. 6th LA
        3. 7th LA
        4. 8th LA
        5. 9th LA - Col. Leroy Stafford
      5. JONE's ARTILLERY BATTALION
    2. Johnson's Division - MG Edward "Allegheny" Johnson 03/28/63 (6,494 Men)
      1. "Stonewall" Brigade (VA) - BG James A. Walker 05/15/63
        1. 2nd VA
        2. 4th VA - MAJ. William Terry
        3. 5th VA
        4. 27th VA
        5. 33rd VA
      2. Jone's Brigade (VA) - BG John M. Jones 05/15/63
        1. 21st VA
        2. 25th VA
        3. 42nd VA
        4. 44th VA
        5. 48th VA
        6. 50th VA
      3. Steuart's Brigade (VA/NC/MD) - BG George Steuart 03/06/62
        1. 1st MD Battalion
        2. 1st NC
        3. 3rd NC
        4. 10 VA
        5. 23rd VA
        6. 37th VA
      4. Nicholl's Brigade (LA) - Col. J.M. Williams
        1. 1st LA
        2. 2nd LA
        3. 10th LA
        4. 14th LA
        5. 15th LA
      5. LATIMER's ARTILLERY BATTALION
    3. Rode's Division - MG Robert Rodes, (9,089 Men)
      1. Battle's Brigade (AL) - Col. Cullen Battle
        1. 3rd AL
        2. 5th AL
        3. 6th AL
        4. 12th AL
        5. 26th AL - Col. E.A. O'Neal
      2. Dole's Brigade (GA) - BG George Doles 11/01/62
        1. 4th GA
        2. 12th GA
        3. 21st GA
        4. 44th GA
      3. Iverson's Brigade (NC) - BG Alfred Iverson 11/01/62
        1. 5th NC
        2. 12th NC
        3. 20th NC
        4. 23rd NC
      4. Daniel's Brigade (NC) - BG Junius Daniel 09/01/62
        1. 32nd NC
        2. 43rd NC
        3. 45th NC
        4. 53rd NC
        5. 2nd NC Battalion
      5. Ramseur's Brigade (NC) - BG S.D. Ramseur 11/01/62
        1. 2nd NC
        2. 4th NC - Col Bryan Grimes
        3. 14th NC
        4. 30th NC
        5. 55 NC - Col John Connally
      6. CARTER's ARTILLERY BATTALION
    4. II. Corps Artillery Reserve - Col. J.T. Brown

  1. Corps - LtG A.P. Hill (27,198 Men)
    1. Anderson's Division - MG Richard Anderson (7,336 Men)
      1. Mahone's Brigade (VA) - BG WIlliam Mahone 11/16/61
        1. 6th VA
        2. 12th VA - Col. D.A. Weisiger
        3. 16th VA
        4. 41st VA
        5. 61st VA
      2. Posey's Brigade (MS) - BG Carnot Posey 11/01/62
        1. 12th MS
        2. 16th MS
        3. 19th MS - Col. N.H. Harris
        4. 48th MS
      3. Perry's Brigade (FL) - Col. David Lang
        1. 2nd FL
        2. 5th FL
        3. 8th FL
      4. Wilcox's Brigade (AL) - BG Cadmus Wilcox 10/21/61
        1. 8th AL
        2. 9th AL
        3. 10th AL - Col. William Forney
        4. 11th AL - Col. J.C.C. Sanders
        5. 14th AL
      5. Wright's Brigade (GA) - BG Ambrose R. Wright 06/03/62
        1. 3rd GA
        2. 22nd GA
        3. 48th GA
        4. 2nd GA
      6. LANE's ARTILLERY BATTALION
    2. Heth's Division - MG Henry Heth (11,066 Men)
      1. Pettigrew's Brigade (NC) - BG J.J. Pettigrew 02/26/62
        1. 11th NC
        2. 26th NC - Col Henry Burgwyn
        3. 47th NC - Col. James K Marshall
        4. 52nd NC
      2. Heth's Brigade - Col. John Brockenbrough
        1. 40th VA
        2. 47th VA
        3. 55th VA
        4. 22nd VA
      3. Ransom's Brigade (NC) - BG Matthew Ransom 06/13/63
        1. 24th NC
        2. 25th NC
        3. 35th NC
        4. 49th NC
        5. 8th NC Battalion
      4. Cooke's Brigade - BG John R. Cooke 11/01/62
        1. 15th NC
        2. 27th NC
        3. 46th NC
        4. 48th NC
      5. Davis's Brigade (MS) - BG Joseph R. Davis 09/15/62
        1. 2nd MS - Col. JOhn Stone
        2. 11th MS
        3. 42nd MS
      6. GARNETT's ARTILLERY BATTALION
    3. Pender's "Light" Division - MG Dorsey Pender (8,015 Men)
      1. McGowna's Brigade - Col. Abner Perrin
        1. 1st SC
        2. 1st SC Rifles
        3. 12th SC
        4. 13th SC
        5. 14th SC
      2. Lane's Brigade (NC) - BG James Lane 11/01/62
        1. 7th NC
        2. 18th NC
        3. 28th NC
        4. 33rd NC
        5. 37th NC
      3. Thomas's Brigade (GA) - BG Edward Thomas 11/01/62
        1. 14th GA
        2. 35th GA
        3. 45th GA
        4. 49th GA
      4. Scale's Brigade (NC) - BG Alfred Scales 06/13/63
        1. 13th NC
        2. 16th NC
        3. 22nd NC
        4. 34th NC - Col. William Lowrance
        5. 38th NC
      5. Archer's Brigade (TN / AL) - BG James Archer 06/03/62
        1. 13th AL- Col. Birkett Fry
        2. 5th AL Battalion
        3. 1st TN
        4. 7th TN
        5. 14th TN
      6. POAGUE's ARTILLERY BATTALION
    4. III. Corps Artillery Reserve - Col. Reuben Walker
  2. Cavalry Division - MG JEB Stuart
    1. Hampton's Brigade - BG Wade Hampton
      1. 1st NC
      2. 1st SC
      3. 2nd SC
      4. Cobb's GA Legion
      5. Jeff Davis Legion
      6. Phillip's GA Legion
    2. Fitz Lee's Brigade
      1. 1st MD Battalion
      2. 1st VA
      3. 2nd VA
      4. 3rd VA
      5. 4th VA
      6. 5th VA
    3. Robertson's Brigade - BG Beverly Robertson
      1. 4th NC
      2. 5th NC
    4. Jenkin's Brigade - BG Albert Jenkins
      1. 14th VA
      2. 16th VA
      3. 17th VA
      4. 34th VA Battalion
      5. 36th VA Battalion
      6. Jackson's VA Battery
    5. Jone's Brigade - BG William "Grumble" Jones
      1. 6th VA
      2. 7th VA
      3. 11th VA
      4. 35th VA
    6. W.H.F Lee's Brigade - Col. John Chambliss Jr.
      1. 2nd NC
      2. 9th VA
      3. 10th VA
      4. 13th VA
    7. Imboden's Brigade - BG John Imboden
      1. 18th VA
      2. 62nd VA
      3. VA Partisan Rangers
      4. Staunton VA Artillery Battery
    8. Stuart Horse Artillery
      1. Breathed's VA Battery
      2. Chew's VA Battery
      3. Griffin's MD Battery
 
After Lee surrendered at Appomattox, the moment after Gettysburg was over, He moved to Lexington, Virginia, where Lee became president of the Washington College, in Lexington, Virginia, after the Civil War.

That's all I know what General Lee did after the Civil War.
 
As the Order of Battle guy, this is my jam!

One question...are you having this be before Gettysburg or after Gettysburg? Your title suggests AFTER, but since Semmes, Barksdale, Garnett, Armistead, and Avery, are still alive, that's BEFORE...
This is when the war was over, after the war, after Lee's Army of Northern Virginia surrendered to the Union Army when this comes to mind.



Cheers!
 
@Wizard of Cozz ...

Please refer to my original question. In any case, here are some things I noticed:
- 54th NC is missing; it should be in Hoke's (Avery's) Brigade
- If we're moving all troops that Lee wanted, then Pettigrew's brigade should also include the 44th North Carolina, which was left in the Richmond defenses, as well.
- Jones's Cavalry Brigade should also include the 12th Virginia Cavalry
- W. H. F. Lee's Cavalry Brigade should also include the 15th Virginia Cavalry

In response to your first question: If we go off the Wilderness reorganizations, I think the 2nd Corps would probably go to Anderson, unless he gets an independent command, because Early only got the 2nd Corps because Anderson was commanding the 1st Corps in Longstreet's Corps.

2nd question: Smith could probably be convinced at Davis's (Lee's) urging, in which case I would think perhaps George Steuart could get his brigade, and Steuart's own brigade distributed among the others, to preserve the state organization Lee tried to create before

3rd question: Pender, IMO, would get the division, since Lee really favored him. Lee would probably ask for Robert Ransom to stay in NC, and just get Matt up to the ANV. Heth would then get the remainder, although I think I remember hearing that someone really wanted Pender in charge of an all-NC division.

4th question: Jenkins definitely works. But did you mean to replace McLaws with Kershaw? The court-martial stuff wouldn't happen until after Fort Sanders, so McLaws would still be division commander. My solution for O'Neal would be to trade it with Birkett Fry's 13th Alabama (although that would cause Fry to become brigade commander, due to seniority), or with one of Wilcox's or Perry's Alabama regiments. If, say, Lee transferred O'Neal, then of the remaining four regiments he could promote Battle to brigadier, and then move the Thirteenth in.
 
As the Order of Battle guy, this is my jam!

One question...are you having this be before Gettysburg or after Gettysburg? Your title suggests AFTER, but since Semmes, Barksdale, Garnett, Armistead, and Avery, are still alive, that's BEFORE...
It should of said before. I fixed it.
 
@Wizard of Cozz ...

Please refer to my original question. In any case, here are some things I noticed:
- 54th NC is missing; it should be in Hoke's (Avery's) Brigade
- If we're moving all troops that Lee wanted, then Pettigrew's brigade should also include the 44th North Carolina, which was left in the Richmond defenses, as well.
- Jones's Cavalry Brigade should also include the 12th Virginia Cavalry
- W. H. F. Lee's Cavalry Brigade should also include the 15th Virginia Cavalry

In response to your first question: If we go off the Wilderness reorganizations, I think the 2nd Corps would probably go to Anderson, unless he gets an independent command, because Early only got the 2nd Corps because Anderson was commanding the 1st Corps in Longstreet's Corps.

2nd question: Smith could probably be convinced at Davis's (Lee's) urging, in which case I would think perhaps George Steuart could get his brigade, and Steuart's own brigade distributed among the others, to preserve the state organization Lee tried to create before

3rd question: Pender, IMO, would get the division, since Lee really favored him. Lee would probably ask for Robert Ransom to stay in NC, and just get Matt up to the ANV. Heth would then get the remainder, although I think I remember hearing that someone really wanted Pender in charge of an all-NC division.

4th question: Jenkins definitely works. But did you mean to replace McLaws with Kershaw? The court-martial stuff wouldn't happen until after Fort Sanders, so McLaws would still be division commander. My solution for O'Neal would be to trade it with Birkett Fry's 13th Alabama (although that would cause Fry to become brigade commander, due to seniority), or with one of Wilcox's or Perry's Alabama regiments. If, say, Lee transferred O'Neal, then of the remaining four regiments he could promote Battle to brigadier, and then move the Thirteenth in.
54th NC - I did miss it cause it was guarding/escorting prisoners. I only caught Smiths VA regiments cause I noticed them in wilderness and not at gettysburg and looked them up.

44th NC - I will add it to Pettigrews unit. Do you know how many men in that regiment?

I'll also get all the cavalry fixed.

1st Q - TY for the response. I might go back to Ewell then, as I don't feel like Anderson is a very good fit for 2nd corps.

2 Q - That's a great idea. I'm still trying ti figure out what to do with Heth's (Brockenbroughs) undersized brigade as well as Archers severely inderstengthed mismatched brigade. I had those two and Steuarts circled to come back to. Thought about moving Archers two AL troops to AL units and figure out what to do with Archers other 3 regiments. Probably will move Steuarts 2 NC regiments to Hoke/Avery then do something like you said with Steuart will just add Smith's regiments to the mix.

3 Q - that's the way I went. Bring up Matt Ransom and Cooke. That way Heth gets a command, but outside the Light division. I'm not sure Heth would be as well recieced in that division cause he'd been with it so short of time. Whereas as Pender was well thought of by everyone in the division.

5Q - So Lee had already soured on McLawa after Salems Church. Basically handcuffing Longstreet to McLaws which is why Longstreet is so hands on with him and hands off with Hood. It is an awful situation that ultimately leads to what happened at Knoxville. This actually saves McLaws the headache and I think he could of been solid in AoT if given chance earlier. Kershaw was solid his whole time so an easy transition, and Kershaw has Henagan and Kennedy to replace him.
 
44th NC - I will add it to Pettigrews unit. Do you know how many men in that regiment?
It was at the max. The colonel had been killed in a skirmish two months after the unit's forming, but nothing after that.
2 Q - That's a great idea. I'm still trying ti figure out what to do with Heth's (Brockenbroughs) undersized brigade as well as Archers severely inderstengthed mismatched brigade. I had those two and Steuarts circled to come back to. Thought about moving Archers two AL troops to AL units and figure out what to do with Archers other 3 regiments. Probably will move Steuarts 2 NC regiments to Hoke/Avery then do something like you said with Steuart will just add Smith's regiments to the mix.
Hmmm...what if Archer's AL units went to Wilcox's brigade, Steuart's 2 NC units to Hoke/Avery OR Iverson, and Steuart's VA regiments went to Heth's (Brockenbrough's) brigade? Then Archer's TN regiments could go with Davis's MS regiments, although that would mean Archer loses his command...
5Q - So Lee had already soured on McLawa after Salems Church. Basically handcuffing Longstreet to McLaws which is why Longstreet is so hands on with him and hands off with Hood. It is an awful situation that ultimately leads to what happened at Knoxville. This actually saves McLaws the headache and I think he could of been solid in AoT if given chance earlier. Kershaw was solid his whole time so an easy transition, and Kershaw has Henagan and Kennedy to replace him.
Only thing is, I think Kennedy's senior to Henagan, so Kennedy'd get the brigade. Always wondered why James Conner got promoted over Kennedy to get the brigade -- he's not even a South Carolinian.
 
Only thing is, I think Kennedy's senior to Henagan, so Kennedy'd get the brigade. Always wondered why James Conner got promoted over Kennedy to get the brigade -- he's not even a South Carolinian.
Conner was from South Carolina serving in the Hampton Legion before his promotion to the 22nd NC in 1862. If Kershaw was promoted the best picks would be Kennedy on the temporary and J.D. Nance for the permanent generalship.
 
Keep in mind that that Corse's and Jenkins' Brigades were part of Pickett's Division. They had been temporarily detached to provide protection for Richmond when Lee north.
You are correct. Lee also sent multiple letters to Davis asking for their return for the invasion of the North. Davis had plenty of protection for Richmond, and could of spared those two brigades. Now as to why I Jenkins in Hood's division?? During the Suffolk Campaign Jenkins was detached from Pickett's division and moved over with Cooke to form a division under French, so I don't see Jenkins as integral to the division as Corse. Jenkins troops were from SC while Corse's VA troops fit in with the all VA division. Jenkins was also attached to Hood when they left for the Chickamauga/Chattanooga campaign, so I felt attaching them during the campaign in PA makes sense.
 
It was at the max. The colonel had been killed in a skirmish two months after the unit's forming, but nothing after that.
800 men?

Hmmm...what if Archer's AL units went to Wilcox's brigade, Steuart's 2 NC units to Hoke/Avery OR Iverson, and Steuart's VA regiments went to Heth's (Brockenbrough's) brigade? Then Archer's TN regiments could go with Davis's MS regiments, although that would mean Archer loses his command...
I don't see Lee getting rid of Archer. He'd been with the army for quite some time, and was a tough fighter.

Only thing is, I think Kennedy's senior to Henagan, so Kennedy'd get the brigade. Always wondered why James Conner got promoted over Kennedy to get the brigade -- he's not even a South Carolinian.
You are correct. Kennedy is 1 day ahead of Hennagan in seniority. Will fix that as well.
 
Why Nance over Kennedy?
Reading information on Nance makes it sound like in 1864 when Kennedy had the brigade but Nance had been recommended for the Brigadier Generalship of the brigade.

 
I suppose. Not really sure.
I don't see Lee getting rid of Archer. He'd been with the army for quite some time, and was a tough fighter.
He'd get another brigade, then. But there was already a Maryland general, and his old Fifth Texas command didn't like him much...

What do you think Lee would have done with Perry's Floridians? No real place they could go, unless it was to consolidate with Wright's Georgians...

Also, on the Third Corps, I just realized, would there be merits to giving Heth the Light Division, and detaching Lane and Pender's (and maybe even McGowan's) brigades to form a new division with Ransom and Cooke, all under Pender?
 

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