Greek Fire

Joined
Apr 30, 2012
Location
Jupiter, FL
There are reports of shells containing "Greek fire" being fired by the Union siege artillery during the Siege of Charleston.

"Greek fire" was a weapon used by the Byzantines that seems to have been similar to napalm. The recipe was carefully guarded and eventually lost. I think there have been modern attempts to replicate it for historical purposes, but it wouldn't have been in use during the 1860s.

Napalm was not invented until WW2, to my knowledge.

The most important commonality between Greek fire and napalm is not simply that it ignites easily, but that it cannot be extinguished by water. It has to be smothered by sand or some other non-flammable cover that cuts off the oxygen.

For a long time artillery incendiary projectiles were simply "hot shots" - normal solid shot heated in a furnace immediately before firing. They would be hot enough to ignite wooden ships and wooden buildings on impact. Clearly something more advanced had been invented by the 1860s.

What kind of incendiary projectiles would have been used during the Civil War? Where were they used besides the bombardment of Charleston?
 
The 1862 Ordnance Manual, pages 306 to 307, has a lengthy discussion on how to make Fire Balls, briefly described as, "projectiles of an oval shape, formed of sacks of canvas filled with combustible composition." The instructions are confusing, but the list of material includes canvas, rope, cartridge thread, red chalk, slow match, loaded shells, and pitch.

This is news to me. The only fireballs I am aware of are about the size of a large marble and made with cinnamon.
 

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