Confederate Grave Robbing

Historically it was bone collectors who gleaned Civil War battlefields. Bone meal was & is a valuable product used for fertilizing plants.

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The gathering of bones, animal & human goes back to antiquity. (+/-) 20,000 soldiers died at Waterloo. Archeologists unearthing human remains makes the news. The telltale dimples an empty grave leaves on the soil are, on the other hand, quite common. Read more here.

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I am not going to post them, but you can easily find post war photos of bones lying amongst shattered trees on Wilderness Battlefield. Visitors reported seeing bone piles penned up behind the inn they stayed at.

Local bone mills either purchased raw material directly or from factors. Millions of horses, mules plus hogs & cattle bones marked Civil War campsites & earthworks.

Outside of Fortress Rosecrans adjacent to Stones River National Battlefield grading for a golf course parking lot was preemptively halted when large numbers of bones were uncovered. What had been discovered was not a mass grave but rather the site of Fortress Rosecrans' knacker's yard.

So, when picking up your bone meal natural fertilizer at the garden center this fall, you will be partaking in a practice that is thousands of years old.

Wilder's Brigade earned its Lightening moniker at Beechgrove on the southern end of Hoover's Gap.

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For the first time metallic internally fused cartridge ammunition was fired by 2,000 mounted infantry armed with seven shot Spencer repeating rifles. The Lightening Brigade fought off repeated attempts to drive them back into the gap. They were deployed where one of the earliest settlers cemeteries in Tennessee is.

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Revolutionary War veterans rest on that ground.

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Beechgrove is surrounded by what Wilder called "lumpy hills." Local farmers & hunters stumbled onto remains left where they fell during the precipitous Confederate retreat under pressure from the Tullahoma Campaign in June / July 4th 1863.

A local farmer collected the bones & interred them alongside the founding settlers. The SCV has provided modern headstones marking the graves of the unknowns.

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Not far from Beechgrove a well kept grave of a different sort sits beside Cheatham Springs Road.

When he came back home after the War, General Frank Cheatham retired his well known warhorse "Old Isham" to a paddock beside the road.

Knowing Isham's fondness for apples, passersby would greet him with one. When he departed this mortal sphere, he was buried there.

Beech Grove, Hoovers Gap & old Isham are adjacent to the Beech Grove / Bell Buckle interchange on l-24 south of Murfreesboro. HWY 41 / Manchester Highway is a much more pleasant way to traverse some beautiful country.
 
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The bones of indian ponies slaughtered at Washita remained in the field until scavanged for fertilizer.

Not that the dead needs anything anymore, but it is reprehensible from a moral perspective to steal from graves --- unless you're Indiana Jones and a good flick is in the works.
 
Wow, thanks for all this interesting information. The comments to the article on Facebook said that it was probably untrue that anything of value was being recovered from common soldiers graves. The bodies were commonly picked over for valuables during the war before they were buried. The writer pointed out that even the general who was reburied in Richmond a few years ago had nothing of value on his body. However, there are ignorant people out there.

One of the other commenters mentioned that he has graves on his property near a battlefield and he gets trespassers, and that there is a substantial Federal prison term for disturbing graves

The fertilizer angle was a complete surprise to me. But it makes sense. Thanks for posting! There is so much knowledge on this forum!
 
I am, perhaps, detecting a misconception about how Civil War casualties were interred, collected & placed into formal grave yards. Until General Thomas ordered the remains of Union soldiers that were scattered all over Middle Tennessee collected into what became National Cemeteries, no such thing had ever existed. At Stones River National Battlefield we honor the fallen with a program, Hallowed Ground, a Candlelight Tour of Stones River National Cemetery. It is one of the longest running such programs in the National Park System.

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For two decades our family participated in the Saturday evening programs.

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Our great & grandgirls were with us, as well. Visitors find the reading of letters & journal entries from the soldier, his comrades & family very moving. Often times visitors weep openly.

One of the soldiers is memorialized by the letter sent home to his wife. It includes a standard form listing his personal effects. He had none. The parents of Spencer Sober, the soldier we honored, received a letter from a cousin announcing his death in Hospital #8 in Murfreesboro.

"We buried him at the brigade headquarters. I have his things & will express them when I can."

An inventory was taken of soldier's belongings & they were collected for return to their families. Obviously, a wounded man often entered a hospital practically naked. That they would have no personal effects is no surprise. Of course, looting of the dead, especially by Confederate soldiers looking for shoes etc. did take place. When a unit held its ground, careful attention was paid to collecting & accounting for their possessions. Interring the dead with worldly items to take to the afterlife is not a Christian tradition.


It just so happened that the111th USCT regiment was guarding the stretch of the Nashville & Chattanooga RR that ran past where the U.S. Regulars had created a small cemetery for their dead. That was the center point upon which the site was laid out. That became the pattern for future National Cemeteries. The 111th USCT regiment gathered up the remains of Union soldiers from as far as 75 miles away.

In the Southeastern corner of the cemetery is a section where the Union dead from Franklin lie marked by rows of small square white marble stoned marked with only a location number. Via a tale far too convoluted to repeat here, many of the remains had been interred, disinterred & reinterred three or four times. Not only do the graves not contain trinkets grave robbers might covet, the caskets contained mere scraps of bone. Read more here.

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There is no better volume concerning the creation of National Cemeteries & the cultural impact of the mass death that marked the Civil War than Gilpen Faust's This Republic of Suffering. Death & Dying During the Civil War.

If you are not familiar with it, you are in for a revelatory experience. There pages in I realized that I knew absolutely nothing. When it came out, it was a national best seller, it is that good.
 

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