Few champion its use -- especially against civilians -- but it often worked. For example, when Sherman was governing Memphis and West Tennessee, civilians developed a habit of shooting at boats on the Mississippi. He burned a village in the area and let it be known that he would continue doing that if the shooting continued. I can't say the shooting stopped, but did drop off considerably.
He did the same on his infamous March. When confronted with downed trees on the road or a bridge burned, he'd have local homes burned. Word spread. If your neighbor plots to burn a bridge on the creek, you might try to stop him because it might be your home burned.