Murfreesboro The Soldiers and the Battle of Stones River

dawna

First Sergeant
Joined
Feb 20, 2005
Location
canada
[font=Arial, Helvetica, Geneva]Reading 1: The Soldiers
and the Battle of Stones River
[/font]

On the evening of December 30, 1862, Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg and Union Gen. William S. Rosecrans and their combined total of 83,000 soldiers were camped near Murfreesboro, Tennessee. Everyone knew that a battle was only hours away and that the victor would have a strategic advantage. The bands of both armies played, each trying to drown out the other, as they could be heard for some distance. Then, one of the bands struck up "Home Sweet Home," and "as if by common consent, all other airs ceased, and the bands of both armies, far as the ear could reach, joined in the refrain."1 Together, the soldiers sang the bittersweet song that brought back memories of home and family. Voices faded as the call came for lights out in the frosty camps. At dawn on New Year’s Eve, General Bragg took the initiative by attacking while the Union soldiers were building their fires and eating their breakfasts. One Union soldier described that morning:


The comfort of warming chilled fingers and toes and drinking a grateful cup of hot coffee outweighed for the moment any consideration of danger.... As all was so quiet, not a shot having been fired, I...walked out until the enemy’s breastworks were in view and there, sure enough,...a succession of long lines of Gray were swarming over the Confederate breastworks and sweeping towards us but not yet within gun shot range.2​
Then came chaos. Men began to run in every direction, for no one knew where to go. That soldier continued:



Our only salvation was to lie flat as possible, for the air seethed with the ‘Zip’ of bullets.... It reminded me of the passage of a swarm of bees. Bullets plowed little furrows around us, throwing up grass and soil into our faces or over our bodies, and others struck with a dull ‘thud’ into some poor unfortunate soul.3​
The Union was forced back for three miles, briefly holding several positions long enough to allow General Rosecrans to gather Union cannon and redeploy units to shield the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad and Nashville Pike--his army’s lifelines. The Confederates assaulted the Union cannon and infantry, and were met with such a volley from about 40 cannon that they were forced to beat a retreat as best they could. The Confederates attacked the cannon several times, but were beaten back until all attempts ceased for the day. Even so, the Confederates had won so much ground that General Bragg telegraphed Richmond, Virginia, exclaiming, "God has granted us a Happy New Year."


The following day in Washington, D.C., Thursday, January 1, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln announced his Emancipation Proclamation: "I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within any States...in rebellion against the United States shall be...forever free." No one in Murfreesboro knew of this momentous event, however. That day was spent tending to the dead and wounded that covered the ground and filled the makeshift hospitals.

But the fighting resumed the next day, at 4 p.m., near the banks of the Stones River. The Confederates made a successful attack that drove the Union troops in headlong retreat across the river. Once again, the Confederates were met by Union cannon. Firing more than 100 rounds per minute at close range, the cannon mowed down the Confederates. The roar continued for more than 10 minutes, and shook the earth under the soldiers’ feet. A soldier from Florida gave the following report:


The nearest the [Yankees] came to getting me was shooting a hole in my pants and cutting hair off my right temple. I know a peck of balls passed in less than a yard of me....The man in front of me got slightly wounded [and]...the one on my right mortally and the one on my left killed.4​
In less than an hour, 1,800 Confederates fell dead or wounded, and their earlier successful, dashing charge suddenly turned into a retreat.


Two days later, General Bragg withdrew. In the midst of a cold winter rain, the Confederate army retreated from the field. General Rosecrans remained in Murfreesboro and built the most extensive fortification yet erected during the war. The failure of General Bragg to maintain a hold on middle Tennessee lost the Confederacy rich farmland and opened a corridor for the Union army to penetrate the Deep South, thus providing the opportunity for Union Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman’s March to the Sea.

Shortly after the battle, a Union soldier wrote:



Before this battle took place, the outlook for our country was very dark and threatening. Our armies had gained no signal [important] victories for many months, and there was very great danger that some of the Nations of Europe would recognize the Southern Confederacy, and that it would be impossible for us to maintain our blockade. Had General Rosecrans’ Army been defeated at the battle of Stones River...it would not only have prolonged the War, but would have greatly increased our danger of conflicts with foreign countries.5​
In total, more than 23,000 soldiers were killed, wounded, missing or captured. From the Union army, about 1,700 men were killed, 7,800 were wounded and 3,700 were missing--a total of 13,200 casualties from an army estimated to count 41,400. The Confederates’ casualties included 1,300 killed, 7,900 wounded, and about 1,000 missing for a total of 10,200 out of an estimated army of 35,000.


A Confederate soldier wrote of the battle:



I am sick and tired of this war, and I can see no prospects of having peace for a long time to come, I don’t think it will ever be stopped by fighting, the Yankees cant whip us and we can never whip them, and I see no prospect of peace unless the Yankees themselves rebell and throw down their arms, and refuse to fight any longer.6​
Many Yankee soldiers were as tired of the fighting as this unnamed foot soldier, but they did not rebel. The war continued for more than two years after the Battle of Stones River. Finally, with two-thirds of its railroad mileage destroyed, its capital at Richmond in flames, and General Robert E. Lee blocked by General Ulysses S. Grant, the Confederate army was forced to surrender on April 9, 1865, at Appomattox Court House, Virginia.



’Mid pleasures and Palaces though we may roam,​
Be it ever so humble there’s no place like home!
A charm from the skies seems to hallow us there,
Which seek through the world, is ne’er met with elsewhere.
Home! Home, sweet sweet Home!
There’s no place like Home! There’s no place like Home!
 
Steven Cone and I live about 20 miles from the Stones River battlefield. Today it is a most pleasant place, though I'm sure far less so in 1862/63, the battle occurring on new year's eve. Flat ground all around with lots of good old Tennessee gold (limestone) sticking out of the earth were the fiercest part of the battle described occurred. Stones are relatively flat rising about 18 inches above the ground. Most are perhaps 10 feet across with a couple of feet of space between. That's where Phil Sheridan set up his cannon awaiting the Confederate charge through the cedar glade. I was recently enligtened by Steven and others to the fact that the Battle of the Cedars was also fought on the edge of the same site almost two years later December 6 & 7, 1864. This was between the battles at Franklin and Nashville when Nathan Bedford Forrest had been sent by Hood to tear up the Chattanooga-Nashville Railroad and destroy several blockhouses. My gg grandad was with the 63rd Virginia on this trip. Probably saved gg grandad's life because it allowed these folks to miss the horrible battle at Nashville.
 
Larry:

It must be amazing to not only to live in an area where battles such as Stones River took place, but to also have relatives who fought on both sides of the war.

Dawna
 
double heritage

Having relatives who fought on both sides of the war gives one many strange thoughts and it is very difficult to be consistent with one's own sentiment. There are times when I cheer for that Confederate battle flag and feel a swelling of pride in my heart for my southern heritage (albeit a mountain version). At other times I'm **** thankful the Union survived this horrible period. There's also a certain level of pride in the fact that my ancestors helped win the war. The US Army, composed of a few hundred thousand southerners, my guys included, were fighting for many concept that were and are undeniably the right thing to do or not do as the case might have been. I can still salute either flag without the least bit of hesitation. One just has to be careful when the Confederate Veterans' descendants are listening to "our" national anthem, not to whistle the wrong melody.
 
local battlefields

As Dawna mentioned, I live within 20 minutes drive of the battlefields at Murfreesboro, Franklin and Nashville. There were mortars, and still are, planted outside my office here in Centennial Park. Fort Negley is about 10 blocks away as are the Hillsboro and Granny White Pikes on which the army under Gen. Thomas began their movement towards the Army of Tennessee that morning of Dec 16, 1864. After visiting sites such as the battle of Franklin for the 100th time or so, one starts to get a feel for the terrain and the places where these brave souls fought and died. That was the tragedy of this conflict, something that all kids today should have the opportunity to understand. The reality of the civil war was not a pleasant thing.
 
Larry, I'm SO GREEN WITH ENVY. I'd trade in my Lincoln shrine to live as close to those battlefields as do you. Sacred ground. How much of them are preserved?
 
Back
Top