Four immigrants: Ericsson, McCallum, Lieber and Sheridan.

wausaubob

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Ericsson was the Swedish immigrant who was able to turn swivel guns into armored turrets and thereby helped create the USS Monitor, which nullified the Confederate ironclad the Virginia.
Daniel McCallum was the Scottish immigrant who ran the railroads for Sherman in the Atlanta campaign.
Francis Lieber was the Prussian immigrant who was instrumental in guiding the United States towards a code of warfare that gave some guidance in avoiding wholesale atrocities. Lieber's work led to the adoption of allowing the Confederates partial belligerent status, instead of treating them as traitors and pirates.
Due to in part Lieber's work, commanders such as Ulysses Grant had intellectual support for the view that the Confederates would eventually be folded back into the United States, rather than summarily executed whenever they were captured.
Finally Phil Sheridan was nearly certainly born in Ireland, though he always denied that.
Sheridan did not have any illusions about war. He would have agreed with Forrest that war was for fighting and dying, if necessary. Sheridan probably would have agreed with Patton, that no one wins a war by dying for a country.
Sheridan probably would have agreed with Patton's terminology in that the object is to make the enemy die for his country, or to convince him that further resistance will lead to that inevitable result.

Thus when Robert E. Lee asserted that the Confederates had been defeated by superior numbers and resources, he omitted mentioning that the descendants of Celts, Vikings and Germanic warriors had actually become proficient at science, railroad management, international law and mobile warfare. The immigrants had adapted to the mid 19th century industrial revolution that the secessionists had opposed.
 
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