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The joint attacks against the Mississippi Central Railroad by Generals Earl Van Dorn and Nathan Bedford Forrest at Holly Springs, MS and Jackson TN [along with Sherman's defeat at Chickasaw Bluffs] in December 1862 forced Grant to "retreat" from his overland strategy of reaching Vicksburg via the rail route. Those attacks against Grant's supply lines essentially gained the Confederacy another 6 months before Vicksburg finally fell.
Battle of Chickasaw Bluffs, 29 December 1862
Battle of Chickasaw Bluffs, 29 December 1862, a bad Union defeat during an early campaign against Vicksburg
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