04/07, April 7th In Civil War History

Jimklag

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This date in Civil War history
Compiled by Mitchell Werksman and Jim Klag

April 7, 1788 - City of Marietta, Ohio founded, making it the first permanent settlement in the Northwest Territories.

April 7, 1798 - Mississippi Territory organized.

April 7, 1805 Francis Wilkinson Pickens, Civil War governor of South Carolina is born, (d. 1869)

April 7, 1815 - [circa] Commodity prices fall almost 20% in March, 1815 as the United States increases its imports following the War of 1812.

April 7, 1822 - Gershom Mott, American Major General (Union Army), born in Lamberton, New Jersey (d. 1884)

April 7, 1846 - John Slidell informs James Polk that the Mexican government has refused to recognize him as ambassador.

April 7, 1861 - P. G. T. Beauregard orders all transports to Fort Sumter cut off. This ended the fort's supply of fresh food.

April 7, 1862 - After being joined by Buell's Army of the Ohio, U.S. Grant's forces attack and rout the Confederate army at Shiloh.

April 7, 1862 - The siege of Yorktown is ongoing.

April 7, 1862 - Affair at Saint Andrew's Bay, FL. with Capt. R. S. Smith, CSA, Marianna Dragoons.

April 7, 1862 - Maj. Gen. John Clifford Pemberton's, CSA, command is extended over Middle and Eastern Florida.

April 7, 1862 - The Union ironclads, USS Mississippi and the USS Pensacola, enter the lower Mississippi River in preparation of an assault on New Orleans, LA.

April 7-8, 1862 - The Federal gunboat, USS Pittsburg, runs the CSA batteries at Island No. 10, New Madrid, MO, and joins the USS Carondelet, through the channel that Maj. Gen. John Pope's men cut in the Mississippi River around Island No. 10.

Federal expedition to Elizabeth City, NC, by Lieut. Col. Griffin, 6th NH Infantry, aboard the steamers Ceres, Eagle, Putnam and the Virginia. (Apr 7-8)

April 7, 1862 - Skirmish at Foy's Plantation, NC.

April 7, 1862 - Skirmish near Newport, NC, as Capt. John Boothe, CSA, attacks Lieut. Col. James Wilson's, USA, pickets on the Cedar Point Road.

April 7, 1862 - Federal raid on the Confederate line of communications between Chattanooga, TN, and Marietta, GA. (Apr 7-12)

April 7, 1862 - Skirmish at Columbia Furnace, VA.

April 7, 1862 - Federal reconnaissance to the Rappahannock River, VA, by Lieut. Col. Thomas J. Lucas, 16th IN Infantry, to obtain positions of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia.

April 7, 1863 - Federal expedition from Fort Wright to Williams' Valley, CA, with skirmish (Apr 9) in Williams' Valley, as the Union party hunted down in a blinding snowstorm a band of Indians thought to have killed a citizen. Refusing to surrender and detached from the main Indian party, the Federals shot and killed the party of six warriors, capturing two old women who were sent to a reservation. (Apr 7-11)
April 7, 1863 - The Confederate attack on the Union steamer Barataria, Amite River, LA, which after running aground, the Confederates burn the ship and retreat under the cover of darkness.

April 7, 1863 - Skirmish near Dunbar's Plantation, Bayou Vidal, LA.

April 7, 1863 - Skirmish at Liberty, TN.

April 7, 1863 - Brig. Gen. Joseph Wheeler's Confederate Cavalry raid on the Louisville and Nashville and the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroads, including affair (Apr 10) at Antioch Station, TN. (Apr 7-11)

April 7, 1863 - Federal expedition from Gloucester Point to Gloucester Court-House, VA.

April 7, 1863 - A fleet of 9 Union ironclads under the command of Samuel Dupont sailed into Charleston Harbor and attacked Fort Moultrie and Fort Sumter. Sumter is visibly damaged but the Confederate batteries from the shore heavily damage the 9 ironclads and they are forced to withdraw. Naval occupation of the harbor is ruled out.

April 7, 1864 - Skirmish at Woodall's Bridge, near Decatur, AL.

April 7, 1864 - Skirmish at Rhea's Mills, AR.

April 7, 1864 - Skirmish on Brushy Creek, Eastern KY.

April 7, 1864 - Skirmishes near Port Hudson, LA.

April 7, 1864 - Skirmish at Wilson's Plantation, near Pleasant Hill, LA, between Maj. Gen. Banks, USA, and Lieut. Gen. R. Taylor, CSA, the Red River (LA) Campaign.

April 7, 1864 - Skirmish at the foot of the Sierra Bonita, the New Mexico Territory, where the pursuing Federals catch and kill 21 Apache Indians, capturing 45 head of livestock.

April 7, 1864 - James Longstreet is recalled to Virginia from Tennessee.

April 7, 1865 - U.S. Grant begins written communication with R.E. Lee in a series of notes known as "surrender letters."

April 7, 1865 - Federal scout from near Blakely toward Stockton, AL, the Mobile, AL, Campaign.

April 7, 1865 - Skirmish at Pike's Ferry, Catawba River, AL, as Lieut. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest, CSA, and Brig. Gen. James H. Wilson, USA, continue to spar with their cavalry commands.

April 7, 1865 - Brig. Gen. George D. Wagner, USA, is assigned to the command of the Saint Louis, MO, Bistrict.

April 7, 1865 - Tennessee becomes the 18th state to ratify the 13th amendment which will abolish slavery.

April 7, 1865 - The Engagement at Farmville, VA, as the Union forces continue to press Gen. Robert E. Lee, CSA, the Appomattox, VA, Campaign.

April 7, 1865 - Maj. Gen. Thomas Alfred Smyth, USA, is mortally wounded at the engagement at Farmville, VA, while riding his horse and encouraging him men on the firing line, receiving his death wound from the rifle of a Confederate sharpshooter, shot in the mouth.

April 7, 1865 - The engagement at High Bridge, VA, the Appomattox, VA, Campaign.

April 7, 1865 - Skirmish at Prince Edward Court-House, VA, the Appomattox, VA, Campaign.

April 7, 1866 - Congress appropriates $100,000 to buy Ford's Theater. It will house the Army Medical Museum, the Office of the Surgeon General and War Department records until 1893.

April 7, 1888 - General Quincy Adams Gillmore (US) dies, Brooklyn, New York
 
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Battle of Cumberland Church:
Today marks the 157th​ anniversary of the Battle of Cumberland Church. The battle took on April 7th​, 1865, location of the battle was Cumberland County, Virginia near Farmville, Virginia.



Result of Battle: Confederate Victory :CSA1stNat:


Confederate Army Commander:


General Robert E. Lee (Virginia) 1807 – 1870

Major General Thomas L. Rosser (Virginia) 1836 – 1910

Brig. General Thomas T. Munford (Virginia) 1831 – 1918

Confederate Army Strength: - (around 12,000)

Confederate Army casualties and losses: 255



Union Army Commander:


Major General Andrew A. Humphreys (Pennsylvania) 1810 – 1883

Major General George Crook (Ohio) 1828 – 1890

Colonel John Irvin Gregg (Pennsylvania) 1826 – 1892

Union Army Strength: - (around 12,000)

Union Army Casualties and losses: 645
 
First Battle of Charleston Harbor:
Today marks the 158th​ anniversary of the First Battle of Charleston Harbor. This battle took place on April 7th​, 1863, location of this battle was Charleston, South Carolina.



Result of Battle: Confederate Victory :CSA1stNat:



Confederate Army Commander:
General P.G. T. Beauregard (Louisiana) 1818 – 1893

Confederate Army Strength: - (2 Ironclads & 385 land-based guns)

Confederate Army casualties and losses: 5 killed and 8 wounded



Union Navy Commander:
USN Rear Admiral Samuel Francis Du Pont (New Jersey) 1803 – 1865

Union Navy Strength: - (2 ironclads and 7 monitors)

Union Navy casualties and losses: 1 killed, 21 wounded, 1 ship sunk
 
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