According to whom? I'd love it, if you show me a 19th Century source that says that.
I suppose you haven't been paying attention to what was written about African-Americans in the 19th Century.
For example, let's look at what Texas said in its Declaration of Causes:
"We hold as undeniable truths that the governments of the various States, and of the confederacy itself, were established exclusively by the white race, for themselves and their posterity; that the African race had no agency in their establishment; that they were rightfully held and regarded as an inferior and dependent race, and in that condition only could their existence in this country be rendered beneficial or tolerable.
"That in this free government
all white men are and of right ought to be entitled to equal civil and political rights; that the servitude of the African race, as existing in these States, is mutually beneficial to both bond and free, and is abundantly authorized and justified by the experience of mankind, and the revealed will of the Almighty Creator, as recognized by all Christian nations; while the destruction of the existing relations between the two races, as advocated by our sectional enemies, would bring inevitable calamities upon both and desolation upon the fifteen slave-holding states."
That is without a doubt what we would describe today as racism and ****. The behavior exists, even if the names didn't.
Let's look at Alexander Stephens:
"Our new government is founded upon exactly the opposite idea; its foundations are laid, its corner- stone rests upon the great truth, that the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery -- subordination to the superior race -- is his natural and normal condition."
He even says the white race is superior. That's what we would describe today as racism and ****. The behavior exists, even if the names didn't.
Back then, it was: Abolitionists, Slaveowners, Good Slaveowners, Bad Slaveowners. And a whole bunch of people who could not afford slaves and did not care.
And a whole bunch of people who couldn't afford slaves yet and cared a great deal. And a whole bunch of people who would never be able to afford slaves and didn't want blacks to be equal to whites and cared a great deal.