- Joined
- Mar 20, 2010
- Location
- Ohio
The following is copied from an excellent medical case study in the March 2000 issue of the Journal of Urology: “The Lion of the Union: The Pelvic Wound of Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain” by Dr. William J. Harmon and Dr. Charles K. McAllister.
***I have added the common medical definitions for some of the words - (these are in parenthesis and italicized).***
"Major General Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain is a true American hero. His medical history and war wounds provide a rare snapshot of Civil War era medicine. In particular the most devastating injury was a rifle shot through the pelvis rupturing the bladder and urethra. We describe this injury and how it affected his life to provide insight into late 19th century urological care.
"All available references, including biographies, letters, surgical reports, military documents and prior medical summaries, were reviewed regarding Chamberlain's urological history.
"While leading the Union charge to Petersburg, Virginia on June 18, 1864, Chamberlain was struck with a minié ball anteriorly below the right greater trochanter." (part of the femur connecting to the hip bone) "The ball coursed obliquely upward disrupting the bladder and urethra, and embedded behind the left acetabulum." (cup-shaped cavity at the base of the hipbone into which the ball-shaped head of the femur fits) "An unprecedented wound exploration in the field hospital was performed to extract the bullet and reconnect severed urinary organs. Hope for recovery was nonexistent as urine was seen exiting the lower wound postoperatively. This genitourinary injury required 4 subsequent repairs during Chamberlain's lifetime and ultimately left him with a draining urethrocutaneous fistula at the penoscrotal junction.
"Survival from catastrophic Civil War wounds was rare, especially from "gut wounds" which had a mortality rate of greater than 90%. Chamberlain not only survived but thrived with his sense of duty carrying him back to the battlefield and beyond. He was plagued during his life with recurrent cystitis and epididymo-orchitis, which in an era without antibiotics was especially miserable. Urosepsis is listed as the cause of death on his death certificate and whether this was true is debatable. However, even if this wound did not cause his death, it surely contributed to it."
***I have added the common medical definitions for some of the words - (these are in parenthesis and italicized).***
"Major General Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain is a true American hero. His medical history and war wounds provide a rare snapshot of Civil War era medicine. In particular the most devastating injury was a rifle shot through the pelvis rupturing the bladder and urethra. We describe this injury and how it affected his life to provide insight into late 19th century urological care.
"All available references, including biographies, letters, surgical reports, military documents and prior medical summaries, were reviewed regarding Chamberlain's urological history.
"While leading the Union charge to Petersburg, Virginia on June 18, 1864, Chamberlain was struck with a minié ball anteriorly below the right greater trochanter." (part of the femur connecting to the hip bone) "The ball coursed obliquely upward disrupting the bladder and urethra, and embedded behind the left acetabulum." (cup-shaped cavity at the base of the hipbone into which the ball-shaped head of the femur fits) "An unprecedented wound exploration in the field hospital was performed to extract the bullet and reconnect severed urinary organs. Hope for recovery was nonexistent as urine was seen exiting the lower wound postoperatively. This genitourinary injury required 4 subsequent repairs during Chamberlain's lifetime and ultimately left him with a draining urethrocutaneous fistula at the penoscrotal junction.
"Survival from catastrophic Civil War wounds was rare, especially from "gut wounds" which had a mortality rate of greater than 90%. Chamberlain not only survived but thrived with his sense of duty carrying him back to the battlefield and beyond. He was plagued during his life with recurrent cystitis and epididymo-orchitis, which in an era without antibiotics was especially miserable. Urosepsis is listed as the cause of death on his death certificate and whether this was true is debatable. However, even if this wound did not cause his death, it surely contributed to it."