Stonewall Stonewall's Winchester, Va.

James N.

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An example of a typical early home now preserved in a city park.

Winchester was the largest and one of the oldest communities in the Lower Shenandoah Valley, dating back to early Colonial settlement when it was part of the vast land grant awarded by the British Crown to Thomas, Lord Fairfax. Unlike most holders of them who remained in England and merely sent their representatives to administer the lands, encourage and supervise settlement, and most important, collect rents, rugged individualist Lord Fairfax himself emigrated to escape his homeland for life on Virginia's frontier. To gain a more accurate idea of his holdings he employed surveyors, the most famous of which was a friend and neighbor of his nephew George William Fairfax, the young George Washington.

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Abram's Delight, ca. 1754 ( above and below ), is claimed to be Winchester's oldest surviving home, and now serves as the city visitor center.

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During the French and Indian War from 1756 to 1758, the now Col. George Washington commanded this district west of the Blue Ridge Mountains using Winchester as his base. His companies of the Virginia Regiment were scattered in small outposts throughout the Shenandoah Valley to protect it from Indian depredations which plagued the frontier following the defeat of Gen. Braddock at the Battle of the Monongahela July 9, 1755. The hostile tribes using French-held Fort Duquesne ( modern Pittsburg, Pa. ) as a base continued their raids until that place was finally captured in Forbes' Expedition of 1759 which saw Washington serve as the commander of a small brigade consisting of his own and another Virginia regiment. The building below is touted as George Washington's Office, but the relationship seems pretty tenuous; presumably it dates from one of Washington's periods of residency, but as surveyor or Virginia commander isn't made clear!

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Following the French and Indian War there was a great influx of settlers into the Shenandoah Valley, largely of Germanic and Scots-Irish stock passing south from central Pennsylvania. Many were the ancestors of members of the Stonewall Brigade in the next major war in the region. The Revolution touched the Valley only lightly; soon aftrwards, Lord Fairfax, now an American citizen, died and is buried in a churchyard in downtown Winchester, below.

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One of the area's most notable residents was General Daniel Morgan, hero of Quebec, Saratoga, and Cowpens, whose large stone estate outside town is said to have been built by Hessian prisoners who were quartered for a time in the Shenandoah. Morgan is buried in the city's Mount Hebron Cemetery.

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During the Civil War Union forces had available the same avenue as the Indians over a century earlier. To thwart any moves, a Department of the Shenandoah was created and Brig. Gen. Thomas J. Jackson, lately a faculty member at VMI in Lexington, was given command in Oct., 1861; by Nov. 5, Jackson was in Winchester, which became his headquarters. He is most associated there today with the small two-story house below which he rented as his office, though he lodged elsewhere. Jackson would've been familliar with all these places, though it's doubtful if any made any kind of impression on him, concerned as he was with the defense of the Valley. One happy distraction was the visit of his wife Mary Anna Morrison Jackson that winter. Lexington went on to change hands reputedly over 70 times during the course of the war, with at least three major battles raging around and through its streets.

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Thanks for the history. I live 13 miles south of Winchester. I used to recover many artifacts from the 3 Battles fought there. Most of that is developed now.The places mentioned above will be there for posterity. I remember the "Little town" and now we have just about anything you want. 3 Sushi joints, 2 Thai, 2 Indian,etc..THE PROGRESS OF MANKIND......
 
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My Dad has one of the limited edition canvas of Mort Kunstler's , "Jackson Enters Winchester".
It is one of my favorites.

Winchester was certainly a hot spot in the Valley.
 
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