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This is what I found...notice the term "designated".
"In Civil War records, I found that: "Private Levi Oxendine, was present for duty Oct. 1st, 1861 at Camp Myers, Tennessee, having been mustered in July 30th 1861 by A.B. Hardcastle and designated as a free Negro, age 53."If he was 53 in 1861, he was born in 1808."
__________________ "The unity of government which constitutes you one people is also now dear to you. It is justly so, for it is a main pillar in the edifice of your real independence, the support of your tranquility at home, your peace abroad; of your safety; of your prosperity; of that very liberty which you so highly prize." George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796
This is what I found...notice the term "designated".
"In Civil War records, I found that: "Private Levi Oxendine, was present for duty Oct. 1st, 1861 at Camp Myers, Tennessee, having been mustered in July 30th 1861 by A.B. Hardcastle and designated as a free Negro, age 53."If he was 53 in 1861, he was born in 1808."
I found the infomation in his service record.
Described as "free negro."
"Designated as" not there.
__________________ POWER & MONEY
"Your New-York bankers and merchants are shrewd people, but I never gave them credit for so much sagacity as when they took the Government Loan. It was not merely patriotism, it was a high stroke of policy. It has saved the Government, and what they will regard as equally important, saved them from a great financial disaster."
The Confederate Army was restricted to "white males" by Confederate law, passed by the Confederate Congress.
No. The 'white males' in the regulations-
"Any free white male person above the age of eighteen and under thirty-five years....with a competent knowledge of the English language..."
-was never a Confederate Law.
*
"..with a competent knowledge of the English language..."
-There were 10s of thousands of whites in the Confederate army of French and Spanish descent and not competent with the English language.
So much for the Regs.
__________________ POWER & MONEY
"Your New-York bankers and merchants are shrewd people, but I never gave them credit for so much sagacity as when they took the Government Loan. It was not merely patriotism, it was a high stroke of policy. It has saved the Government, and what they will regard as equally important, saved them from a great financial disaster."
"Any free white male person above the age of eighteen and under thirty-five years....with a competent knowledge of the English language..."
-was never a Confederate Law.
* "..with a competent knowledge of the English language..."
-There were 10s of thousands of whites in the Confederate army of French and Spanish descent and not competent with the English language.
So much for the Regs.
Battalion, stop trying to pick nits so hard.
Every single Volunteer soldier serving in the Confederate Army was conscripted BY LAW passed in the Confederate Congress in April of 1862. BY LAW, the conscription only applied to white males. If anyone allowed someone who did not fit that description to serve, he was violating the law. But you already know this; you have known it for a long time; and you will continue to try to put forth a false picture no matter what anyone shows you. Why do you bother?
Tim
__________________ "Let us, then, consider all attempts to weaken this Union, by maintaining that each state is separately and individually independent, as a species of political heresy, which can never benefit us, but may bring on us the most serious distresses."
Charles Cotesworth Pinckney of South Carolina, 1740-1824, Revolutionary War soldier, one of the authors of the US Constitution in 1787, speaking at the South Carolina Ratifying Convention in 1788.
Every single Volunteer soldier serving in the Confederate Army was conscripted BY LAW passed in the Confederate Congress in April of 1862. BY LAW, the conscription only applied to white males. If anyone allowed someone who did not fit that description to serve, he was violating the law. But you already know this; you have known it for a long time; and you will continue to try to put forth a false picture no matter what anyone shows you. Why do you bother?
Tim
?
Volunteers and Conscripts are not the same.
__________________ POWER & MONEY
"Your New-York bankers and merchants are shrewd people, but I never gave them credit for so much sagacity as when they took the Government Loan. It was not merely patriotism, it was a high stroke of policy. It has saved the Government, and what they will regard as equally important, saved them from a great financial disaster."
Battalion, I have no idea why you are trying to hide from things I know you have been shown before.
In early 1862, the Confederacy had a manpower crisis in the Army. New Volunteers were not enlisting at a high enough rate, and many of the men who had Volunteered for a 1-year term in 1861 were due to leave the Army. The Confederacy tried to re-enlist them; many seem to have felt they had served their time and now it was someone else's turn to serve the Confederacy. This was exacerbated by a string of disasters: Mill Springs, Forts Henry & Donelson, the fall of Nashville -- all followed by the shocking bloodbath of Shiloh. With McClellan besieging Yorktown, Farragut moving on New Orleans, and the Union forces advancing along the rivers in the heartland, things looked pretty grim.
The Confederacy tried all the same gimmicks the Union tried (bonuses and furloughs for re-enlisting, bonuses for new Volunteers, etc.). They failed to produce enough men, and there was a very real danger the army was about to melt away due to expiring enlistments just as the Union hammer struck. Appeals to patriotism and talk about invasion and everything else was tried -- it was not enough. The shrinkage still loomed. Lots of men seemed not to care about the "Yankee invaders" quite enough to stay in and get shot at when they had a choice.
It was in this situation that the Confederate government instituted conscription. Men not in the Army were liable to be called up unless exempt. Men already in the Army were conscripted as well by having their terms automatically extended. It is in the same paragraph of the conscription act, and I know you have referred to that before. In addition, it is a very well known fact and is very often seen discussed in forums like this one, and I believe you have posted in threads here where it was mentioned in the past.
The conscription act was passed April 16, 1862. The news of Shiloh, with its' stunning casualty lists, had just reached Richmond. However, some of the Confederate states had already resorted to conscription before this, such as South Carolina.
There is nothing particularly remarkable about what the Confederacy did to their Volunteers, conscripting them like this. It has been done before and since, by other nations as well as our own. For example, the US draft for WWII started in 1940, and roughly a million men were called up for 12-month terms. In 1941 it was obvious that the nation could not afford to release them, and there was a struggle in Congress over the matter. The first inductees were due out around October 1, and they had a slogan: "OHIO" for "Over the Hill In October", which was scrawled on barracks walls and other places. In August, 1941 the Congress extended them all (passed by a single vote).
But, as I say, you have been shown this before. You just don't like to see it.
Tim
__________________ "Let us, then, consider all attempts to weaken this Union, by maintaining that each state is separately and individually independent, as a species of political heresy, which can never benefit us, but may bring on us the most serious distresses."
Charles Cotesworth Pinckney of South Carolina, 1740-1824, Revolutionary War soldier, one of the authors of the US Constitution in 1787, speaking at the South Carolina Ratifying Convention in 1788.
Battalion, I have no idea why you are trying to hide from things I know you have been shown before.
Because this has nothing to do with the subject at hand.
1862 Law: Whites ages 18 to 35 subject to consciption.
So?
Is there anything in the law that excludes blacks from serving?- No.
__________________ POWER & MONEY
"Your New-York bankers and merchants are shrewd people, but I never gave them credit for so much sagacity as when they took the Government Loan. It was not merely patriotism, it was a high stroke of policy. It has saved the Government, and what they will regard as equally important, saved them from a great financial disaster."
Because this has nothing to do with the subject at hand. 1862 Law: Whites ages 18 to 35 subject to consciption.
So?
Is there anything in the law that excludes blacks from serving?- No.
All you are doing is lying to yourself here. No one can help you when you insist upon doing that.
Tim
__________________ "Let us, then, consider all attempts to weaken this Union, by maintaining that each state is separately and individually independent, as a species of political heresy, which can never benefit us, but may bring on us the most serious distresses."
Charles Cotesworth Pinckney of South Carolina, 1740-1824, Revolutionary War soldier, one of the authors of the US Constitution in 1787, speaking at the South Carolina Ratifying Convention in 1788.
I found the infomation in his service record.
Described as "free negro."
"Designated as" not there.
Of course the bloody service record isn't going to "designated." This is coming from a person who is researching the family of this man, the aforementioned Levi Oxendine. They have found that he apparently found that he enlisted and was designated, i.e listed, as a free black man. Now, if you look up the Lumbee Indians, as I did, you will find that, while they are termed as Indians, they are in fact a mix of European, African and Native American origins. They are mixed race. It is well documented that runaway slaves would take refuge among Indian tribes and sometimes become part of that tribe, the Seminole being the most prevalent example of this.
I have no idea what this man looked like, whether he was dark skinned, or light skinned, what at the time was considered mulatto. One also must take into account that during this period, any person with a single drop of black blood was termed a black man. Somebody could look as white as a European, but if they had a great-great-great-great grandparent that was black, well, that person was black.
__________________ "The unity of government which constitutes you one people is also now dear to you. It is justly so, for it is a main pillar in the edifice of your real independence, the support of your tranquility at home, your peace abroad; of your safety; of your prosperity; of that very liberty which you so highly prize." George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796
Suggest you read Bruce Levine's article in the March 2008 issue (V 10, N 5) of North & South magazine.
His debate appears to be with folks making claims I know nothing about.
I prefer C.B McQueen's (letter prior to Levine's) take on the subject-
"...I have continually observed increased calls from pundits like Dr. Levine to end this debate once and for all (with help from his book or course).
The same people tend to simply dismiss anyone who might want more answers or to tag someone as radical who believes this subject warrants more investigation in addition to Dr. Levine's finite effort.
This is incredibly alarming coming from such influential scholars and can only be attributed to the detractions mentioned above.
It appears Dr. Levine and others that consistently consider this subject closed prescribe to two myths; that history never evolves and that their word on the subject is the last word.
The latter is unfortunately too often a trait of celebrity scholars looking to sell books or worse, perpetuate a dogmatic historical environment that leaves no room for further discussion, inquiry and research.
No matter how accurate Dr. Levine's book is to say this subject is closed is arrogant and unforgivable.
The British historian Sir Herbert Butterfield said that historians that understand human natures tendency for bias are the ones you can trust, it's the ones that are 'convinced of their own objectivity' that we should question..."
North & South, Volume 10, No. 5, p.8
__________________ POWER & MONEY
"Your New-York bankers and merchants are shrewd people, but I never gave them credit for so much sagacity as when they took the Government Loan. It was not merely patriotism, it was a high stroke of policy. It has saved the Government, and what they will regard as equally important, saved them from a great financial disaster."
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